Particle theory and atomic structure Flashcards
what charge do atoms have and why
neutral because they have the same amount of electrons (negative) and protons (positive)
what are the two numbers you find in front of the element
mass number and atomic number
what does the mass number show
the total amount of protons and neutrons
what does the atomic number show
the total amount of electrons or protons (they are the same)
what is found in the nucleus and what is orbiting it in an atom
protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom while electrons orbit around it in shells
what are isotopes
isotopes are atoms of an element with the same numbr of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons. isotopes of an element are chemically identical to each other.
what makes isotopes different
they have different amounts of neutrons making the mass and the mass number different.
how much is the maximum amount of electrons in shell 1, 2 and 3
2, 8, 8
in the periodic table what does the group numbers show
the amount of electrons on its outer ring
what is special about group 8 on the periodic table
the have full outer shells, making them quite unreactive because they have full outer shells
in the periodic table what does the period number show
the amount of electron shells
what are homodiatic molecules
elements that you always fine in pairs - with a small 2 after it
what elements are homodiatic molecules
H O N I F Br O Cl - hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, iodine, flourine, bromine, clorine
how do you write the name of simple metal and non-metal compounds
you write the metal element and the non-metal element but change the ending to -ide
how do you know when oxygen is present in compound ions
there i an -ate at the end of the non metal eg lithium nitrate
what is all matter helf together by
electrostatic forces
what is covalent bonding
covalent bonding is the electrostatic attraction between nuclei and a shared pair of electrons
what types of elements bond through covalent bonding
non-metals and nonmetals
when does covalent bonding happen
it reacts when there is room for more electrons on the outer shell, and will occur until the outer shell is full
how many bonds will form for elements in group 5
3 bonds to fill their outer shell
what is ionic bonding
its between non-metals and metals, when non-metals take electrons from metals until their outer shell is full
what happens to an ion when electrons are taken away from it
it becomes a positive ion because it has more protons than electrons
what happens to an ion when electrons are added to it
it becomes a negative ion as there is more electrons than protons
what makes an ionic bond
the attraction between positive ions and negative ions
what is a quick method of doing ionic formulae
the switch method
how should we think of ionic formulae as
a ratio- there isnt a negative number in a ratio, so if there was a negative then just make it positive
what is a balanced equation
a balanced equation is an equation with the same number of atoms on each side of the arrow
