Particle theory and atomic structure

Question 1

what charge do atoms have and why

Answer 1

neutral because they have the same amount of electrons (negative) and protons (positive)

Question 2

what are the two numbers you find in front of the element

Answer 2

mass number and atomic number

Question 3

what does the mass number show

Answer 3

the total amount of protons and neutrons

Question 4

what does the atomic number show

Answer 4

the total amount of electrons or protons (they are the same)

Question 5

what is found in the nucleus and what is orbiting it in an atom

Answer 5

protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom while electrons orbit around it in shells

Question 6

what are isotopes

Answer 6

isotopes are atoms of an element with the same numbr of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons. isotopes of an element are chemically identical to each other.

Question 7

what makes isotopes different

Answer 7

they have different amounts of neutrons making the mass and the mass number different.

Question 8

how much is the maximum amount of electrons in shell 1, 2 and 3

Answer 8

2, 8, 8

Question 9

in the periodic table what does the group numbers show

Answer 9

the amount of electrons on its outer ring

Question 10

what is special about group 8 on the periodic table

Answer 10

the have full outer shells, making them quite unreactive because they have full outer shells

Question 11

in the periodic table what does the period number show

Answer 11

the amount of electron shells

Question 12

what are homodiatic molecules

Answer 12

elements that you always fine in pairs - with a small 2 after it

Question 13

what elements are homodiatic molecules

Answer 13

H O N I F Br O Cl - hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, iodine, flourine, bromine, clorine

Question 14

how do you write the name of simple metal and non-metal compounds

Answer 14

you write the metal element and the non-metal element but change the ending to -ide

Question 15

how do you know when oxygen is present in compound ions

Answer 15

there i an -ate at the end of the non metal eg lithium nitrate

Question 16

what is all matter helf together by

Answer 16

electrostatic forces

Question 17

what is covalent bonding

Answer 17

covalent bonding is the electrostatic attraction between nuclei and a shared pair of electrons

Question 18

what types of elements bond through covalent bonding

Answer 18

non-metals and nonmetals

Question 19

when does covalent bonding happen

Answer 19

it reacts when there is room for more electrons on the outer shell, and will occur until the outer shell is full

Question 20

how many bonds will form for elements in group 5

Answer 20

3 bonds to fill their outer shell

Question 21

what is ionic bonding

Answer 21

its between non-metals and metals, when non-metals take electrons from metals until their outer shell is full

Question 22

what happens to an ion when electrons are taken away from it

Answer 22

it becomes a positive ion because it has more protons than electrons

Question 23

what happens to an ion when electrons are added to it

Answer 23

it becomes a negative ion as there is more electrons than protons

Question 24

what makes an ionic bond

Answer 24

the attraction between positive ions and negative ions

Question 25

what is a quick method of doing ionic formulae

Answer 25

the switch method

Question 26

how should we think of ionic formulae as

Answer 26

a ratio- there isnt a negative number in a ratio, so if there was a negative then just make it positive

Question 27

what is a balanced equation

Answer 27

a balanced equation is an equation with the same number of atoms on each side of the arrow