Particle Theory Flashcards
what is a particle?
- tiny object too small to see with a microscope
- millions of particles = a substance
- all particles have energy
what is density?
how close particles are in a substance
what are the properties of a substance?
properties describe how a substance behaves
- volume
- shape
- density
- compressibility (squashing)
- ability to flow
Most substances can exist in 3 states of matter
what are the 3 states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
name this state of matter
solid
particles vibrate on the spot
they can’t flow
name this state of matter
liquid
particles touch and slide over each so can flow
name this state of matter
gas
particles spread out
space between them allows them to flow
Which state of matter has a fixed shape?
solid
Which state(s) of matter have a fixed volume?
solid
liquid
Which state of matter is easy to squash? (compress)
gas
Which state(s) of matter flow easily?
liquid
gas
What is a liquid
something with a fixed volume but no fixed shape
Can particles move in a solid?
No, they’re in a fixed position
Can particles move in a liquid?
Yes, they can move past each other
Can particles move in a gas?
Yes, they can move very quickly because there’s lots of space
which state of matter is the most dense?
solids
the particles are the closest packed together
which state of matter is the least dense?
gas
the particles are well spaced out
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they’re evenly spread
Can diffusion happen in a solid?
No, the particles in a solid are in a fixed position and cannot move
What causes pressure?
particles collide into each other and the container’s walls = gas pressure on the container
What happens to the pressure inside a balloon when you blow it up?
the pressure increases because there are more air particles which colliade with the balloon’s walls
why do balloons burst on hot days?
gas particles (air) inside the balloon heat up = particles move faster = more collisions = more pressure on the balloon’s walls = the rubber balloon stretches until it bursts
Does diffusion happen faster at colder or warmer temperatures?
Warmer temperatures because the particles have more energy so can move more quickly
What is a chemical compound
.
a substance made of more than one type of atom chemically joined together
H20 (hydrogen atoms + oxygen atom)
what is the particle model?
the idea that everything is made up of tiny particles that always vibrate
