Particle Theory Flashcards

1
Q

what is a particle?

A
  1. tiny object too small to see with a microscope
  2. millions of particles = a substance
  3. all particles have energy
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2
Q

what is density?

A

how close particles are in a substance

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3
Q

what are the properties of a substance?

A

properties describe how a substance behaves

  1. volume
  2. shape
  3. density
  4. compressibility (squashing)
  5. ability to flow
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4
Q

Most substances can exist in 3 states of matter

what are the 3 states of matter

A

solid

liquid

gas

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5
Q

name this state of matter

A

solid

particles vibrate on the spot

they can’t flow

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6
Q

name this state of matter

A

liquid

particles touch and slide over each so can flow

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7
Q

name this state of matter

A

gas

particles spread out

space between them allows them to flow

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8
Q

Which state of matter has a fixed shape?

A

solid

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9
Q

Which state(s) of matter have a fixed volume?

A

solid

liquid

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10
Q

Which state of matter is easy to squash? (compress)

A

gas

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11
Q

Which state(s) of matter flow easily?

A

liquid

gas

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12
Q

What is a liquid

A

something with a fixed volume but no fixed shape

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13
Q

Can particles move in a solid?

A

No, they’re in a fixed position

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14
Q

Can particles move in a liquid?

A

Yes, they can move past each other

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15
Q

Can particles move in a gas?

A

Yes, they can move very quickly because there’s lots of space

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16
Q

which state of matter is the most dense?

A

solids

the particles are the closest packed together

17
Q

which state of matter is the least dense?

A

gas

the particles are well spaced out

18
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they’re evenly spread

19
Q

Can diffusion happen in a solid?

A

No, the particles in a solid are in a fixed position and cannot move

20
Q

What causes pressure?

A

particles collide into each other and the container’s walls = gas pressure on the container

21
Q

What happens to the pressure inside a balloon when you blow it up?

A

the pressure increases because there are more air particles which colliade with the balloon’s walls

22
Q

why do balloons burst on hot days?

A

gas particles (air) inside the balloon heat up = particles move faster = more collisions = more pressure on the balloon’s walls = the rubber balloon stretches until it bursts

23
Q

Does diffusion happen faster at colder or warmer temperatures?

A

Warmer temperatures because the particles have more energy so can move more quickly

24
Q

What is a chemical compound

.

A

a substance made of more than one type of atom chemically joined together

H20 (hydrogen atoms + oxygen atom)

25
Q

what is the particle model?

A

the idea that everything is made up of tiny particles that always vibrate