particle theory

Question 1

what are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

energy in the 3 states of matter

Answer 2

-solids: they have the least energy because they vibrate
-liquids: they have more energy than solids but less than gas
-gases: they have the most energy because they have a random arrangement

Question 3

structure of 3 states of matter

Answer 3

-solids: fixed arrangement
-liquids: particles are close but have a random arrangement
-gases: random arrangement

Question 4

movement of matters

Answer 4

-solids: vibrate
-liquids: particles move around eachother
-solids: move quickly in all directions

Question 5

what is interconversion? (3 points)

Answer 5

-when a matter changes from one state to another
- due to changes in temperature or pressure
-a physical change involves changes in forces between the particles of the substance

Question 6

Examples of interconversion
(7 points)

Answer 6

melting
boiling
freezing
evaporation
condensation
sublimation
deposition

Question 7

how does an increase in kinetic energy change liquid? (2 points)

Answer 7

-the particles can overcome forces of attraction
-this allows particles to be more spread out and move faster

Question 8

what is melting?
(3 points)

Answer 8

-when solid changes to a liquid
-particles GAIN more kinetic energy, allowing particles to move faster
-occurs at a specific temperature known as the MELTING POINT which is unique to each solid

Question 9

what is boiling?
(3 points)

Answer 9

-when liquid changes to gas
-kinetic energy of the particles increase
-this is because particles are further apart

Question 10

what is freezing?
(3 points)

Answer 10

-liquid changes to solid
-melting point and freezing point are the same
-particles LOSE kinetic energy because the particles are closer together

Question 11

what is evaporation?
(3 marks)

Answer 11

-liquid to gas
-occurs at the surface of liquids where high energy particles can escape from liquids at low temperatures
-heating speeds up the process as particles need energy to escape from surface

Question 12

what is condensation?
(2 marks)

Answer 12

-gas changes to liquid
-gas is cooled, its particles lose energy
-when they bump into each other, they lack energy to bounce away again, instead grouping together to form a liquid

Question 13

sublimation
and
deposition

Answer 13

-solid changes to gas
-only happens to a few solids (eg iodine and carbon)
-reverse reaction is desublimation

Question 14

1.3 what is diffusion

Answer 14

spreading out of particles

Question 15

where does diffusion happen?

Answer 15

diffusion happens in liquids and gases

Question 16

why does it not happen in solids?

Answer 16

because the particles in solids don’t move

Question 17

examples of diffusion
(two points)

Answer 17

-tea bag in a cup of water
-perfume sprayed in the air

Question 18

why is diffusion slower in liquids than in gases?

Answer 18

the particles in gases are more spread out and move faster than particles in liquids

Question 19

Which gas moves faster? ammonia or acid? (2 points)

Answer 19

Ammonia
Because the particles are lighter and travelled a further distance

Question 20

What do these terms mean?
Solvent
Solute
Solution
Saturated solution

Answer 20

-the liquid
-a solid which dissolves in the solvent
-when a solute is dissolved in a solvent
-a solution which contains as much dissolved solid as possible at a particular temperature

Question 21

solubility in the units per 100g of solvent

Answer 21

The maximum mass of solute that dissolves in 100g of solvent at a particular temperature

mass of solute/mass of solvent x 100