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LC Physics > Particle Physics > Flashcards

Particle Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Disintegration Energy

A

Energy released when a radioactive disintegration takes place spontaneously. (Q)

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2
Q

Wolfgang Pauli proposed…

A

the neutrino (ν). Not detected until 1956.

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3
Q

First Splitting of an Nucleus by Artificially Accelerated Particles

A

Cockroft (English) and Walton (Irish). 1932. Bombarded lithium with artificially accelerated protons. Also the first transmutation and artificially accelerated reaction.

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4
Q

Unified Atomic Mass Unit (U)

A

Used in particle physics in unified atomic mass units (instead of kg)

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5
Q

Anderson, (USA) 1932 found…

A

antimatter through the use of cloud chambers

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6
Q

Cloud Chamber

A

A chamber where moving charged particles produce tracks that can be seen.

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7
Q

Positron

A

Antiparticle of the electron. Same mass and amount of charge as the electron, opposite sign.

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8
Q

Pair Production

A

The creating of two particles from energy: particle and anti-particle. Charge and momentum are conserved.
hf= 2mc² + E(k1) +E(k2)

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9
Q

Dirac (1920)…

A

Predicted the existence of antiparticles.

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10
Q

1955

A

Antineutrons and antiprotons confirmed experimentally.

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11
Q

1995

A

CERN produced 9 antihydrogen atoms.

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12
Q

Pair annihilation

A

When particle and antiparticle are near each other and almost at rest they join together. Matter disappears and energy is produced.
e+ + e- = 2hf

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13
Q

Ancient Greek beliefs

A

Nature= 4 elements: air, water, fire, earth. Atoms make up everything, but were believed to be indivisible (atomos= indivisible in Greek)

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14
Q

Nineteenth Century

A

Atoms exist w/ forces between them, expected to be divisible and have internal structure w/ smaller particles.

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15
Q

Twentieth Century

A

-1911, Rutherford gold experiment= structure of atom and size, charge and mass of elements. Attracted by electrostatic forces.
-1932, neutron discovered w/ mass, size and lack of charge.
… strong nuclear force was discovered to keep neutrons and protons together in atom.

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16
Q

4 Fundamental Forces of Nature

A

(weakest to strongest)

  • gravitational
  • weak nuclear force
  • electromagnetic force
  • strong nuclear force
17
Q

Gravitational Force

A

Attractive between particles w/ mass, v. weak unless large masses.
Distance= infinite.
Size= inversely perpendicular to distance squared.

18
Q

Weak Nuclear Force

A

Felt by all particles. Less powerful than strong force.

Distance = 10^(-18)

19
Q

Electrostatic Force

A

Binds electrons and protons together in atoms, and atoms and molecules together in matter.
Basis of all modern technology.
Exists between charged particles and magnetic forces.
Attractive or repulsive.
Size= inv. perp. to dis sq. Distance= infinite.

20
Q

Strong nuclear force

A

Strongest force, only acts on certain particles.
V small range, 10^(-5)m.
Binds nucleus together against electrostatic force,

21
Q

2 categories of particles

A
  • leptons

- hadrons

22
Q

Leptons

A

-Feel weak force only.
-No internal structure … elementary particle.
6 (all in log tables, incl. electron)

23
Q

Hadrons

A

Feel both nuclear forces. Over 100 types split into 2 groups: mesons and baryons.

24
Q

Elementary Particle

A

A particle that has no other particles inside it or no sub-parts to it.

25
Q

2 categories of hadrons

A
  • baryons

- mesons

26
Q

Baryons

A

Complex particle w/ mass greater than or equal to a proton. (Incl. protons, neutrons and heavier)

  • Baryon= Greek for heavy
  • Any 3 Quarks
27
Q

Mesons

A
  • Complex particle w/ mass greater than an electron, less than a proton.
  • 1 quark, 1 antiparticle
28
Q

Antibaryon

A

Same as baryon but any 3 antiquarks

29
Q

Complex particle

A

Opposite of an elementary particle, i.e. has an internal structure made of smaller elements.

30
Q

Gell-Mann and Zweig (1963) proposed:

A

Mesons and baryons were made of smaller particles called quarks and antiquarks.

31
Q

Quark

A

Elementary particle out of which baryons and mesons are made up.
-One -third of the charge of an electron (+ or-)

32
Q

Quark Types

A
  • up
  • down
  • strange
  • charmed
  • top
  • bottom
  • and all of their antiparticles

LC Physics (4 decks)

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