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IAL Physics > Particle Physics > Flashcards

Particle Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Lead box with slit (experiment)

A
  • To ensure a single path for alpha particles
  • Alpha particles are absorbed by lead
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2
Q

Vacuum (experiment)

A
  • To ensure sufficient alpha particles reach the foil
  • Because alpha particles would collide with air molecules
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3
Q

Zinc sulphide screen

A
  • Scintillates (emits light) when the alpha particles hit it
  • to detect the particles and their direction
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4
Q

Most of the alpha particles were defined (analysis)

A

Most did not get near enough to any matter or change to be affected

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5
Q

Most of the alpha particles were defined (conclusion)

A

The atom is mostly empty space

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6
Q

A few particles were deflected (analysis)

A

Only a few particles came close enough to change to be deflected

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7
Q

A few particles were deflected (conclusion)

A

The atom contains a small region of highly concentrated charge

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8
Q

A very small proportion of alpha particles were deflected through more than 90 (analysis)

A

An area of the atom must have mass much greater than the alpha particle mass to cause this deflection

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9
Q

A very small proportion of alpha particles were deflected through more than 90 (conclusion)

A

Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in a very small space relative to the size of the atom

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10
Q

Quark (gen 1)

A
  • up (+2/3)
  • down (+2/3)
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11
Q

Quark (gen 2)

A
  • Charm (+2/3)
  • Strange (-1/3)
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12
Q

Quark (gen 3)

A
  • Top (+2/3)
  • Bottom (-1/3)
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13
Q

Leptons (gen 1)

A
  • Electron (-1)
  • Electron neutrino (0)
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14
Q

Leptons (gen 2)

A
  • Muon (-1)
  • Muon neutrino (0)
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15
Q

Leptons (gen 3)

A
  • tau (-1)
  • tau neutrino (0)
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16
Q

Quarks

A

A quark is a type of fundamental particle. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons,
the most stable of which are protons and neutrons.

17
Q

Lepton

A

A lepton is an fundamental particle that does not undergo strong interactions. It always exists alone

18
Q

Antimatter

A

material composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charges, as well as other particle properties such as lepton and baryon numbers and quantum spin

19
Q

Describe what happens when matter and antimatter meet? (2 Marks)

A
  • Annihilate each other
  • Gamma rays (high energy photons) given off
20
Q

Explain why it is difficult to store antimatter? (2 marks)

A
  • When it touches matter (the sides of the container)
  • Annihilate each other
21
Q

Hadrons

A
  • BARYONS (proton and neutron)
  • MESONS (pion and kaon)
22
Q

Hadrons

A
  • BARYONS (proton and neutron)
  • MESONS (pion and kaon)
23
Q

Baryon

A

Is a composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks, bound together by the strong interactions

24
Q

Baryon

A

Is a composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks, bound together by the strong interactions

25
Q

Mesons

A

subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by the strong interaction

26
Q

What is conserved during nuclear reactions:

A
  • Momentum
  • Charge
  • Baryon number
  • Lepton number
27
Q

What needs to be conserved during nuclear reactions:

A
  • Momentum
  • Charge
  • Baryon number
  • Lepton number
28
Q

Baryon number of baryon(proton, neutron, sigma)

A

+1

29
Q

Baryon antiparticle (antiproton)

A

-1

30
Q

Baryon number of baryon antiparticle (antiproton)

A

-1

31
Q

Baryon number of mesons (pion, kaon)

A

0

32
Q

Baryon number of leptons (electron, positron)

A

0

33
Q

Lepton numbers:

A
  • Lepton +1
  • Antilepton -1
  • Other particle 0

IAL Physics (11 decks)

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