Particle Physics Flashcards
What was JJ Thompson’s Model
Plum-Pudding Model is a sea of positive charge with negative electrons randomly embedded in a uniform sea of positive charge
Describe Rutherfords Experiment in detail (PROCESS)
Narrow beam of alpha particles of same KE, emitted from radioactive source, targeted at thin piece of gold foil only a few atomic layers thick.
Alpha particles scattered by foil, and detected by a zinc sulfide screen on a microscope. Every time an alpha particle hit the fluorescent screen, a speck of light was produced. This microscope was rotated from 0 to 180 degrees behind the foil.
This was used to detect the number of particles deflected through each angle.
Describe Rutherfords Experiment (OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS)
Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil (only 1 in 2000 were deflected)
=> suggests atom is mostly empty space, with most of the mass concentrated in a small region ( known as nucleus according to nuclear model)
Very Few alpha particles (1 in 10,000) were deflected through an angle of greater than 90 degrees
=> suggests that nucleus is positively charged, as positively charged alpha particles were repelled
How were Neutrons discovered?
Chadwick showed that alpha particles hitting the beryllium nuclei were knocking out neutrons from its nuclei.
Showed that neutrons carry no charge and exist in all nuclei except hydrogen.
What is the nuclear model of the atom?
And what is meant by a nucleon?
Nucleus containing positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Nucleon refers to protons and neutrons
Define Nucleon/Mass Number and Proton/Atomic Number?
How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Nucleon number refers to number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Proton Number of an atom refers for number of protons
Nucleon Number - Proton Number = No. of neutrons.
What is an isotope?
Isotope of an element have the same proton number but a different nucleon number.
What is 1 atomic mass unit?
1 / 12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom
1.661 x 10^-27 kg
What is the formula to determine Radius of a nucleus given Atomic Number?
What does the constant represent?
R = r0 (A^1/3)
Where,
r0 = 1.2 fm = 1.2 x 10^-15 m
R= radius of atom
r0 represents the atomic radius of a hydrogen atom, which is roughly the same as the radius of a proton.
Describe some characteristics of the nucleus
What is the approximate density of the nucleus?
Nucleus is:
1.Small in Volume
2. Large in Mass
3. Thus, Extremely Dense
Density ~ 10^17 kgm^-3
Why do nucleons of the same charge not move away from each other?
Which force keeps them together and why?
Nucleons of the same charge will exert large force of electrostatic force repulsion.
Their gravitational force of attraction is much smaller in magnitude than electrostatic repulsion.
Therefore,another force must keep them together.
Thus, the attractive strong nuclear force is a force which acts over a range of 1-2fm, and acts between ALL nucleons.
What is the range of attractiveness and repulsiveness of the SNF?
Strong Nuclear Force is
ATTRACTIVE between 0.5 to 3fm
REPULSIVE below 0.5 fm
What is the theory of antiparticles?
An antiparticle exists for every particle.
If an antiparticle and particle collide, the two will collide and annihalte.
The masses of both will be converted into high energy photons.
What are the features of an antiparticle?
Antiparticle has the opposite charge of the same magnitude as its corresponding particle.
Anti-particle has the same rest mass as the particle.
What is the antiparticle of an electron?
What is it’s mass and charge
Positron
Mass : 9.11 x 10^-31
Charge= +1.6 x 10^-19
What is the antiparticle of a proton?
What is the antiparticle for a neutron
Anti proton
Antineutron
What is the symbol for a neutrino?
What is the antiparticle of a neutrino and what symbol?
V
V with bar on top