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Theoretical Physics > Particle Physics > Flashcards

Particle Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are protons and neutrons collectively known as

A

Nucleon

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2
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton and neutron

A

1

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3
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton

A

+1

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4
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron

A

0

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5
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron

A

-1

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6
Q

What does changing an element’s protons make

A

A new element

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7
Q

What does changing an element’s neutrons make

A

An isotope

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8
Q

What does changing an element’s electrons make

A

An ion

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9
Q

What do unstable isotopes decay into

A

More stable isotopes

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10
Q

What is specific charge

A

The amount of charge an object has per kilogram

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11
Q

What are the four fundamental forces

A

SNF, WNF, gravity and electromagnetic

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12
Q

How would you describe the range of the strong nuclear force

A

Has a very short range

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13
Q

If nucleons are between 0 and 0.5 fm what force does the strong nuclear force have

A

Repulsive

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14
Q

If nucleons are between 0.5 and 3 fm what force does the strong nuclear force have

A

Attractive

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15
Q

What effect does the strong nuclear force have on nucleons when they are past a distance of 3 fento metres away from each other.

A

No effect

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16
Q

What are the three main reason why an atoms nucleus may be unstable

A

Too much mass, imbalance of protons and too much energy

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17
Q

What type of decay is used if an atoms nucleus has too much mass

A

Alpha decay

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18
Q

What type of decay is used if an atoms nucleus have an imbalance in protons and neutrons

A

Beta decay

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19
Q

What type of decay is used if an atoms nucleus has too much energy

A

Gamma decay

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20
Q

What is an alpha decay particle made up of

A

Two protons and two neutrons

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21
Q

What are photons

A

A packet of electromagnetic waves

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22
Q

Do photons have mass or charge

A

No

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23
Q

What does a particle and its antiparticle have in common

A

Its mass is identical

24
Q

What does a particle and its antiparticle not have in common

A

Every other property apart from mass is opposite

25
Q

What is annihilation

A

When a particle and its antiparticle meet

26
Q

What is released during annihilation

A

The particles rest energy in the form of photons

27
Q

What decay happens when an atom is neutron rich and what happens to the neutron

A

Beta minus decay happens and a neutron turns into a proton

28
Q

Why during beta minus decay does the beta particles emit different amounts of kinetic energy

A

Because the neutrino takes away some of the kinetic energy

29
Q

What is the charge of a neutrino

A

No charge

30
Q

What are the 4 main groups of particles

A

Hadrons, Leptons, Baryons and Mesons

31
Q

What can both hadrons and leptons feel

A

Weak nuclear force

32
Q

What can only hadrons feel

A

Strong nuclear force

33
Q

What is an example of a hadron

A

Proton/ neutron

34
Q

What is an example of a lepton

A

Electron

35
Q

Can hadrons be broken up

A

Yes, into quarks

36
Q

Can leptons be broken up

A

No, they are fundamental

37
Q

Are baryons and mesons a type of hadron or lepton

A

They are hadrons

38
Q

How many quarks are baryons made up of

A

3 quarks

39
Q

What is an example of a baryon

A

Proton/neutron

40
Q

What is an example of a meson

A

Pions/kaons

41
Q

How many quarks are mesons made up of

A

2 quarks

42
Q

What is the only stable baryon

A

Proton

43
Q

What are muons

A

A type of lepton

44
Q

What are the 6 quarks you need to know

A

Up, down, strange, anti-up, anti-down and anti-strange

45
Q

What is the quark composition of a proton

A

uud

46
Q

What is the quark composition of a neutron

A

udd

47
Q

What must a meson contain

A

One quark and one anti-quark

48
Q

What type of meson is it if it has a strangeness of 0

A

Pion

49
Q

What type of meson is it if it has a strangeness that isn’t 0

A

Kaon

50
Q

What happens during beta minus decay

A

A neutron turns into a proton and a down quark turns into an up quark

51
Q

What property is sometimes conserved

A

strangeness

52
Q

What property is never conserved

A

Mass

53
Q

Kaons have what unique property

A

Strangeness

54
Q

What is the strangeness of K+

A

+1

55
Q

What is the strangeness of K-

A

-1

Theoretical Physics (1 decks)

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