Particle に ( Ni) Flashcards
- Point in Time
Indicates a specific point in time when an action occurs.
Structure:
Time + に + Action Verb
Examples:
私は7時に起きます
Watashi wa shichi-ji ni okimasu
I wake up at 7 o’clock
日曜日に映画を見ます
Nichiyoubi ni eiga o mimasu
I will watch a movie on Sunday
- Destination or Goal
Indicates a destination or goal of movement.
Structure:
Destination + に + Verb of Movement
Examples:
学校に行きます
Gakkou ni ikimasu
I go to school
日本に旅行しました
Nihon ni ryokou shimashita
I traveled to Japan
- Existence or Location
Indicates the location where someone or something exists (used with いる/ある).
Structure:
Location + に + ある / いる
Examples:
机の上に本があります
Tsukue no ue ni hon ga arimasu
There is a book on the desk
公園に子供がいます
Kouen ni kodomo ga imasu
There are children in the park
- Indirect Object
Marks the indirect object or recipient of an action.
Structure:
Recipient + に + Verb
Examples:
先生に質問します
Sensei ni shitsumon shimasu
I ask the teacher a question
友達に手紙を送りました
Tomodachi ni tegami o okurimashita
I sent a letter to my friend
- Purpose
Indicates the purpose or reason for doing something.
Structure:
Purpose + に + Verb of Movement
Examples:
買い物に行きます
Kaimono ni ikimasu
I go shopping
勉強しに図書館へ行きます
Benkyou shi ni toshokan e ikimasu
I go to the library to study
- Frequency
Indicates how often something happens.
Structure:
Frequency + に + Action
Examples:
一日に三回薬を飲みます
Ichinichi ni sankai kusuri o nomimasu
I take medicine three times a day
週に二回ジムに行きます
Shuu ni nikai jimu ni ikimasu
I go to the gym twice a week
- Passive or Causative Sentence
Used in passive and causative sentences to indicate who is performing the action.
Structure:
Agent + に + Passive/Causative Verb
Examples:
先生にほめられました
Sensei ni homeraremashita
I was praised by my teacher
兄に手伝わせました
Ani ni tetsudawasemashita
I made my older brother help
- Transformation or Result
Indicates transformation or change.
Structure:
Result + に + なる / する
Examples:
先生になりました
Sensei ni narimashita
I became a teacher
部屋をきれいにしました
Heya o kirei ni shimashita
I made the room clean
- Fixed Expressions
Appears in certain fixed expressions.
Examples:
気にする
Ki ni suru
To worry about
興味がある
Kyoumi ga aru
To have an interest in
