Particle Motion and Wave Propagation Flashcards
Describe how an ultrasound image is produced in 5 steps
- Sonographer selects a probe and preset based on the requisition 2. An electrical current is sent to the transducer and is converted into sound by the “reverse piezoelectric effect” - (the crystals vibrate causing sound waves) 3. The sound waves travel through the tissue and produce echoes 4. The returning sound waves are converted back to an electrical current by way of the “piezoelectric effect”. 5. The electrical current is processed though the machine and converted into an image one monitor
What does ‘acoustic’ mean?
Refers to sound
What does ‘propagation’ mean?
Refers to travel
What does ‘acoustic propagation’ mean?
Refers to the effects tissue cause on sound
What are ‘bioeffects’?
Refers to the effects of ultrasound on tissue
What is sound?
A propagating variation (a wave)
What do waves carry?
Energy, not matter.
What do sound waves require to travel?
A medium
What is the term for the quality of waves?
Variables
What variables apply when sound travels through a medium?
- Pressure2. Density —> Rarefactions - low density —> Compressions - high density 3. Particle motion4. Temperature
What does ‘Rarefaction’ indicate?
Low density
What does compression indicate?
High density
How are pressure variations represented?
By a sine wave
What is a sine wave?
Motion over time
What do the crests represent in a sine wave?
Increased pressure
What do the troughs represent in a sine wave?
Decreased pressure
What is density?
The concentration of particles or mass per unit volume.
Does a change in pressure effect the density?
Yes.A change in pressure = a change in density.
When sound travels through a medium how do the particles inside the medium move or vibrate?
They oscillate.
How is temperature related to sound waves?
Sound is an energy.Energy creates heat (friction).
What is attenuation?
Weakening of sounds as it travels.
What type of wave is sound?
Mechanical
What do mechanical waves require to travel?
A medium
Can sound travel in a vacuum? Why or why not?
No.Because there is no medium in a vacuum.