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Physics 9-1 iGCSE Oxford AQA > Particle Model of Matter > Flashcards

Particle Model of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What can be used to explain the different states of matter and their properties?

A

Kinetic theory

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2
Q

In solids, what are the forces like & what do they do?

A

Strong forces of attraction hold particles close together in fixed, regular arrangement

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3
Q

In solids, how much energy does particles have and what does this mean?

A

Particles don’t have much energy = only vibrate about their fixed positions

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4
Q

In solids, what is the density like and why?

A

Highest density = particles are closest together

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5
Q

What are the forces like in liquids?

A

Weaker forces of attraction between particles

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6
Q

What’s the arrangement like in liquids?

A

Particles are close together but can move past each other = form irregular arrangements

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7
Q

In liquids, how much energy does particles have and what does this mean?

A

Have more energy than solids = particles move in random directions at low speeds

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8
Q

In liquids, what is the density like?

A

Less dense than solids

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9
Q

What are the forces like in gas?

A

Almost no forces of attraction between particles

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10
Q

In gases, how much energy does particles have and what does this mean?

A

Have more energy (than in liquids + solids) = particles free to move & travel in random directions at high speeds

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11
Q

In gases, what is the density like?

A

Low - less dense than liquids

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12
Q

Draw the arrangement of particles in a solid

A
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13
Q

Draw the arrangement of particles in a liquid

A
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14
Q

Draw the arrangement of particles in a gas

A
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15
Q

A Change of State _______ ____

A

Conserves Mass

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16
Q

Internal energy is stored by the _____ that makes up a ____

A

the Particles that makes up a System

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17
Q

When does a change in state occur?

A

If substance heated enough = particles will have enough energy in their kinetic energy stores to break bonds holding them together

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18
Q

What is latent heat?

A

Energy needed to change state of substance

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19
Q

When substance is melting or boiling, what are you doing essentially?

A

Putting in energy = increasing internal energy

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20
Q

When a substance is melting or boiling, what is the internal energy used for?

A

Used for breaking intermolecular bonds rather than raising temperature

21
Q

What do flat spots on heating graph represent?

A

Where energy is being transferred by heating but not being used to change temperature

22
Q

When a substance is condensing or freezing, how is energy released?

A

Bonds are forming between particles = which releases energy

23
Q

When a substance is condensing or freezing (bonds are forming between particles), what does this mean for internal energy and temperature?

A

Means internal energy decreases BUT temperature doesn’t go down until all substance has turned to liquid or solid

24
Q

Draw a heating graph

A
25
Q

Draw a cooling graph

A
26
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

Amount of energy needed to change 1 kg of a substance from one state to another without changing its temperature

27
Q

For cooling, SLH is energy _____ by a change in state

A

released

28
Q

What is latent heat of fusion?

A

Amount of energy needed to change the state of 1 kilogram of a substance from a solid to a liquid with no change in temperature

29
Q

What is latent heat of vaporisation?

A

Amount of energy needed to change the state of 1 kilogram of a substance from a liquid to a vapour with no change in temperature

30
Q

What does impurities affect?

A

Melting point of solid & boiling point of liquid

31
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C

32
Q

Greater mass of object = …

A

more slowly temperature increases when heated

33
Q

Energy may be transferred by _____ and _____

A

evaporation and condensation

34
Q

What does the rate at which an object transfers energy by heating depends on? (name 3 things)

A
  • Material of object
  • Its surface area and volume
  • Nature of the surface with which the object is in contact
35
Q

Bigger the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings = …

A

faster the rate at which energy is transferred by heating

36
Q

Most substances _____ when heated

A

expand

37
Q

When does evaporation happen?

A

When a liquid turns into a gas below its boiling point

38
Q
A
39
Q

What is the cooling of a liquid by evaporation caused by?

A

Faster-moving particles escaping from the liquid

40
Q

How can evaporation be increased? (name 3 ways)

A
  • Increasing SA of liquid
  • Increasing temp. of liquid
  • Creating a draught of air across liquid’s surface
41
Q

When does condensation happen?

A

When a gas turns into a liquid

42
Q

How can condensation on a surface be increased? (name 2 ways)

A
  • Increasing area of surface
  • Reducing temperature of the surface
43
Q

What do cooling fins on motorcycle engine do?

A

Find increase SA of engine in contact with air = engine transfers energy to surroundings faster

44
Q

Gases expand on heating much ____ than solids and liquids

A

more

45
Q

Expansion of substances on heating can be a ____ or _____

A

hazard or useful

46
Q

How do bimetallic strips work?

A
  1. Consists of 2 different metals (e.g. brass and steel) bonded together
  2. When temp. of strip increases = one metal expands more than other (e.g. brass more than steel) = so strip bends
  3. Used to switch on or off an electrical device
47
Q

Where are expansion gaps needed?

A

In buildings, bridges, railways tracks

48
Q

Why are expansion gaps needed in bridges?

A

Temperature changes = expansion of bridge = bridge would buckle

Physics 9-1 iGCSE Oxford AQA (12 decks)

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