Particle Model Of Matter

Question 1

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid

Answer 1

All touching, regular pattern, vibrate about fixed position

Question 2

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid

Answer 2

Close together, random arrangement, move around each other

Question 3

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas

Answer 3

Far apart, random arrangement, move quickly in all directions

Question 4

What is the change of state from a solid to a liquid called?

Answer 4

Melting

Question 5

What is the change of state from a liquid to a gas called?

Answer 5

Boiling

Question 6

What is the change of state from a solid to a gas called?

Answer 6

Sublimation

Question 7

What is the change of state from a gas to a liquid called?

Answer 7

Condensing

Question 8

What is the change of state from a liquid to a solid called?

Answer 8

Freezing

Question 9

Describe the properties of a solid

Answer 9

Fixed shape, cannot be compressed

Question 10

Describe the properties of a liquid

Answer 10

Can flow and take shape of container, cannot be compressed

Question 11

Describe the properties of a gas

Answer 11

Can flow and completely fill a container, can be compressed

Question 12

What is the equation linking density, mass and volume?

Answer 12

Density = mass ÷ volume

Question 13

Which state of matter has the highest density?

Answer 13

Solids

Question 14

Which state of matter has the lowest density?

Answer 14

Gas

Question 15

Are changes of state a physical or chemical change?

Answer 15

Physical change

Question 16

What is a physical change?

Answer 16

The material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed

Question 17

What is internal energy?

Answer 17

Total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles.

Question 18

What does heating a system do to its internal energy?

Answer 18

Increases energy stored.

Question 19

What happens when the temperature of a substance increases?

Answer 19

Increase in the kinetic and potential energy of particles.

Question 20

What happens when a substance changes state?

Answer 20

Increase in the potential but NOT the kinetic energy of particles

Question 21

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 21

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius

Question 22

What is specific latent heat?

Answer 22

The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature.

Question 23

What is the equation linking energy change, mass, specific heat capacity and change in temperature?

Answer 23

Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity × temperature change.

Question 24

What are the units for specific heat capacity?

Answer 24

J/kg °C

Question 25

What symbol is temperature change represented by?

Answer 25

ΔT

Question 26

What is the equation linking energy, mass and specific latent heat?

Answer 26

Energy for a change of state = mass × specific latent heat.

Question 27

What are the units for specific latent heat?

Answer 27

J/kg

Question 28

What is Specific latent heat of fusion?

Answer 28

The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance from solid to liquid.

Question 29

What is Specific latent heat of vaporisation?

Answer 29

The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance from liquid to gas.

Question 30

What is the average kinetic energy of a gas related to?

Answer 30

Its temperature.

Question 31

What happens to the pressure of a gas, at constant volume, if you increase the temperature?

Answer 31

The pressure increases.

Question 32

What happens to the motion of molecules in a gas as its temperature increases?

Answer 32

Velocity increases.

Question 33

Why does the pressure of gas (at fixed volume) increase with temperature?

Answer 33

More frequent and more energetic collisions from particles with container.

Question 34

How is pressure caused by a gas in a container?

Answer 34

Collisions with the container walls.

Question 35

What does the pressure of a gas cause on the walls of a container?

Answer 35

A force at right angles.

Question 36

What is the effect on pressure when the volume of a gas decreases but the temperature remains constant?

Answer 36

The pressure increases.

Question 37

What is the equation that links the volume of gas and pressure, for a fixed mass of gas held at a constant temperature?

Answer 37

Pressure x volume = constant.

Question 38

What are the units of pressure?

Answer 38

Pa.

Question 39

What is work?

Answer 39

The transfer of energy (by a force).

Question 40

What does doing work do to the internal energy of a gas?

Answer 40

Increases the internal energy of a gas (can cause an increase in temperature).