Particle model of matter

Question 1

Describe protons and electrons

Answer 1

Protons have a positive charge (+1), while electrons have a negative charge (-1).

Question 2

describe neutrons

Answer 2

Neutrons do not carry any electrical charge (0).

Question 3

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 3

Atoms are made up of the particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 4

How to see how many protons an atom has?

Answer 4

The number of protons is equal to the atomic number, which determines what element it is.

Question 5

How to calculate density

Answer 5

Density (kg/m^3) = mass (kg) / volume (m^3)

Question 6

What is density?

Answer 6

Density is a measure of the ‘compactness’ of a substance. It relates the mass of a substance to how much space it takes up (its a substances mass per unit volume)

Question 7

why do different objects have different density levels?

Answer 7

The density of an object depends on what it is made of and how the particles are arranged

Question 8

what is specific latent heat?

Answer 8

Specific latent heat of a substance is the amount of energy needed to change 1kg of it from one state to another without changing its temperature.

Question 9

How to calculate energy?

Answer 9

Energy (E) = Mass (m) X Specific Latent Heat (L)

Question 10

What is Boyle’s law?

Answer 10

Boyle’s Law states that at a fixed temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with its volume.

Question 11

doing work on a gas can increase its temperature:

Answer 11

if you transfer energy by applying a force, then you do work
You can do work on a gas mechanically. Work has to be done against the force exerted on it, transferring energy to the kinetic energy stores.

Question 12

What is average energy in kinetic stores related to?

Answer 12

Temperature

Question 13

Why does a change in pressure can cause a change in volume?

Answer 13

• the pressure of a gas causes an outwards net force at right angles to the surface of its container
• there is also a force on the outside of the container due to the pressure of the gas around it
• if the container changes size, then any change in these pressures will cause the container to compress or expand, due to overall force

Question 14

what happens when gas particles move at high speeds?

Answer 14

They collide more frequently, so they exert a force (pressure) on the container they are in

Question 15

what happens if you do work on a gas?

Answer 15

The internal energy of the gas will increase, which increases its temperature.