Particle Model of Matter Flashcards
1
Q
Solids
A
- strong forces of attraction hold particles together in fixed regular arrangement
- particles don’t have much energy so can only vibrate in fixed positions
2
Q
Liquids
A
- weaker forces of attraction between particles
- particles close together but can move past each other
- form irregular arrangements
- more energy than particles in solid so can move in random directions at low speed
3
Q
Gases
A
- almost no forces of attraction between particles
- particles have more energy than in liquid and solids so are free to move constantly in random directions and speeds
4
Q
Pressure
A
- when particles collide with the wall of their container they exert pressure
- gas pressure is the total force exerted per unit of area
5
Q
What happens to pressure as you increase temperature
A
It increases
6
Q
How does increasing temperature increase pressure
A
- particles have more kinetic energy so travel faster and hit the sides of the container more often in a given amount of time
- each particle has a larger momentum so exerts a larger force when colliding with the container
7
Q
Density triangle
A
- DMV
- D - density
- M - mass
- V - volume
8
Q
Density
A
How closely packed the particles are in a substance
9
Q
What happens to the density of a material as you compress it
A
It increases
10
Q
Why does a material’s density increase as you compress it
A
- the particles move closer together
- volume is decreasing
11
Q
Density of regular solid practical
A
- measure object’s mass with balance
- measure with ruler/tape measure length, width, height
- then calculate density with mass/volume
12
Q
Density of irregular solid practical
A
- measure object’s mass with balance
- fill eureka can with water and submerge solid in it
- record volume of object - volume of water displaced into measuring cylinder
- calculate density with mass/density
13
Q
Density of liquid practical
A
- place measuring cylinder on balance and zero the balance
- pour 10ml of liquid into cylinder and record mass
- pour another 10ml into cylinder repeatedly until cylinder is full, recording total volume and mass each time
- calculate density of each measurement with mass/volume
- find average density
14
Q
Internal energy
A
Total energy stored in kinetic and potential stores of all particles in a system
15
Q
What happens to a system’s internal energy when you heat it
A
It increases
