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Physics > Particle model of matter > Flashcards

Particle model of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

density= mass/volume

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2
Q

What are the units for:
-mass
-density
-volume

A

mass= kg
density= kg/m^3
volume=m^3

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3
Q

What is the process called when gasses become solids?

A

deposition

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4
Q

What is he process when solids become gasses?

A

sublimation

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5
Q

Describe solids

A

.particles vibrate
.strong forces between particles
.arranged in a lattice
.dense
.particles don’t have much energy
.cannot be compressed
.do not flow

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6
Q

Describe gasses

A

.can be compressed
.particles have lots of energy
.flow
.not dense
.weak forces between particles
.particles move in random directions at high speed
.particles are far apart and fill the shape of the container

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7
Q

Describe liquids

A

.flow
.particles are arranged in an irregular pattern and are touching
.less dense than solids
.can’t be compressed
.movement of particles is slow
.more energy than solids

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8
Q

What is internal energy?

A

The energy stored by the particles that make up a system

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9
Q

How do you measure the density of regular objects?

A

.Measure the mass of the object on a balance
.Measure the dimensions (height, length, width) of the object with a ruler and times together for the volume
.Calculate the density using density=mass/volume

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10
Q

How do you measure the density of an irregular solid?

A

.Measure the mass of the object using a balance (make sure not to get object wet)
.Fill eureka can to just under spout hole
.Place an empty measuring cylinder below the spout
.Drop the object into the can and record the volume of water displaced
.Calculate density= mass/volume

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11
Q

How do you measure the density of a liquid?

A

.Place a measuring cylinder on he balance and put the balance on 0
.Pour 10cm^3 of the liquid into the measuring cylinder and record the liquid’s mass
.Calculate density= mass/ 10cm^3

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12
Q

True or false:
mass is conserved in changes of state

A

True

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13
Q

Why are changes of state physical changes?

A

The material recovers it’s original properties if the change is reversed

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14
Q

What two energy stores make up internal energy?

A

Chemical potential and kinetic energy

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15
Q

What does heating do to the particle’s kinetic stores?

A

Kinetic stores increase and so particles move faster

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16
Q

What does increasing kinetic stores in particles lead to?

A

Increase in temperature or change of state

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17
Q

How does a change of state occur?

A

If the substance is heated enough, the particles will have enough energy in their kinetic stores to break the bonds holding them together.

18
Q

What does the increase of temperature in a system depend on?

A

.mass of substance
.type of material (And specific heat capacity)
.energy input

19
Q

If a substance has a great volume will it boil quickly or slowly? Why?

A

Slowly because it needs longer for all particles to have their speed changed

20
Q

What is energy used for in changes of state?

A

Breaking intermolecular bonds

21
Q

Why does temperature stay the same in changes of state?

A

The energy is required for breaking intermolecular bonds instead of raising the temperature

22
Q

What are the flat lines on heating and cooling curves?

A

changes of state

23
Q

What is latent heat?

A

The energy needed to change the state of a substance

24
Q

What specific latent heat?

A

The energy required to change the state of 1Kg of a substance without changing it’s temperature

25
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

A

The energy needed to change the state of 1kg of the substance from a solid to a liquid without changing it’s temperature.

26
Q

What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The energy needed to change the state of 1kg of the substance from a liquid to a gas without changing it’s temperature.

27
Q

What’s the symbol and word equation for specific latent heat?

A

E= mL

Energy= mass x latent heat

28
Q

What is the symbol and units for specific latent heat?

A

symbol= L
units= J/kg

29
Q

What is the unit for energy?

A

Joules

30
Q

If you increase the temperature of a gas, where are you transferring energy to?

A

Kinetic energy stores

31
Q

True or false:
Temperature and the average kinetic energy of particles are inversely proportional

A

False
Temperature and the average kinetic energy of particle are directly proportional

32
Q

How does increasing temperature of a gas affect pressure?

A

Temperature increases kinetic energy which increases speed of particles. The faster the particles, the more collisions. When the particles collide with something, they exert a force on it.

33
Q

How does increasing volume of a container affect pressure?

A

Increasing the volume of a container means the particles are more spread out and hit the walls of the container less often so pressure decreases.

34
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

For gas at a constant temperature, pressure x volume is a constant.

35
Q

What is the unit and symbol for pressure?

A

symbol= p
unit= pascal (pa)

36
Q

True or false:
Pressure and volume are indirectly proportional

A

True

37
Q

What is the equation for Boyle’s law?

A

V1+P1=V2+P2

38
Q

Define pressure and give the equation

A

Pressure= the force exerted on a certain area

pressure= force/ area

39
Q

What is the unit for force?

A

Newton(N)

40
Q

How do you increase pressure?

A

.Increase temperature
.Increase number of particles (concentration)
.Keep temperature constant but place gas in a smaller container

41
Q

What does pumping a tyre increase?

A

. Internal energy of the gas
. The energy of the particles
. The temperature of the gas

Physics (4 decks)

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