Particle Model And Matter Flashcards
What is the particle arrangement of a solid ?
Strong forces hold the particles close together in a fixed regular arrangement
Particles don’t have much energy therefore can only vibrate
What is the particle arrangement of a liquid ?
There are weaker forces of attraction between the particles . The particles are close together but can move past each other to form irregular arrangements
More energy than a solid - can slowly move in random directions
What is the particle arrangement of a liquid ?
Almost no forces of attraction between the particles
Particles have the most amount of energy
Free to move constantly in random directions and speeds
When gas particles collide in a container what is the force they exert on it ?
Pressure is the force exerted per unit area
If you increase the temperature of a gas you transfer energy into what ?
Into the kinetic energy stores
The higher the temperature of the of the gas …..
The higher the average energy
Average speed of particles increases
What is to formula that involves volume , density and mass ?
Density = Mass / Volume
What does the density of an object depend on ?
What the object is made of and how the particles are arranged
Dense materials particles are …
Tightly packed together
Less dense materials are ….
More spread out
What is the particle to measure density ?
Getting a eureka can , and filling with water to below the spout
And dropping the rock into the can .
Record the amount of water that comes out of the can
Find the rocks mass
Use the formula to work out the density
The internal energy of a system is ….
The total energy that the particles have in its kinetic and potential energy stores
Heating the system ….
Transfers energy to its particles ,increasing the internal energy stores
A change of state occurs ….
If the substance us heated enough - the particles will have enough energy in their kinetic energy stores to break the bonds holding them together
The do the changes of state occur ?
Solid to liquid = melting Solid to gas = sublimating Gas to a liquid = condensing Liquid to a solid = freezing Liquid to a gas = boiling or evaporating
When melting or boiling a substance , what happens to the internal energy ?
The internal energy is increasing but is then being used to break the intermolecular forces
When a substance is condensing or freezing what happens the the particles and the energy ?
Bonds are formed between the particles , which then releases energy
As a result the internal energy decreases
What is the energy called needed to change the state of a substance ?
Latent heat
What is specific latent heat ?
The amount of energy needed to change 1kg of it from one state to another without changing its temperature
When cooling what is the specific latent heat ?
The energy release by the change of state
What is the specific latent heat called for changing between a solid and a liquid ?
Specific latent heat of fusion
What is the specific latent heat called for changing between a liquid and a gas ?
Specific latent heat of vaporisation
What is the formula for specific latent heat ?
Energy(J) = mass(kg) X specific latent heat (j/kg)
