Particle model Flashcards
Why is the rate of evaporation higher at higher temperatures (still below boiling point)?
The particles have more kinetic energy, so they are more likely to escape.
Why does temperature of a liquid decrease as it evaporates?
- Particles with the highest kinetic energy escape
- This lowers the average kinetic energy of the remaining particles
- This means that the temperature decreases
What is internal energy?
The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a system.
What is potential energy?
Energy stored due to forces/bonds between the particles.
What is heat?
The transfer of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an objects at a lower temperature.
What is specific latent heat?
The energy used to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change in temperature.
What are the two values for specific latent heat of a substance called?
Fusion and vaporisation.
What is specific heat capacity?
The energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C.
What is Brownian motion?
The random movement of particles in liquids and gasses.
What causes gas pressure?
Collisions between the gas particles and the walls of the container.
What is Boyle’s law?
For a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume.
What happens when work is done to a gas?
The internal energy increases, which can cause an increase in temperature.
What happens when work is done on a gas slowly?
Increase in energy = transfer of energy to surroundings
So the temperature doesn’t increase
