Particle model Flashcards
Which states have a fixed shape?
Only solids
Which states have a fixed volume?
This is how much space something takes up.
Solids and liquids
Which states can be compressed (squashed)?
Only gases because there is lots of space between the particles.
How are the particles arranged in a solid?
Touching each other
In a regular way in neat rows and columns
How are the particles arranged in a liquid?
(most are) touching each other
in a random way
How are the particles arranged in a gas?
far apart from each other
in a random way
Which state has the most energy?
Gas
Which state has the least energy?
Solid
How do particle move in a solid?
particles vibrate
How do particle move in a liquid?
particles move/slide past each other
How do the particles move in a gas?
particles move quickly in all directions
Does the number of particles change when we change the state of a substance?
no
Name the 5 different changes of state
1 = melting
2 = evaporating or boiling
3 = condensing
4 = freezing
5 = sublimating
Which state is this?
solid
Which state is this?
liquid
Which state is this?
gas
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement (spreading out and mixing) of particles
From an area of high concentration (where there is more of them)
To an area of low concentration (where there is less of them)
What happens when you heat water?
The temperature of the water increases because the particles have more energy and will therefore move faster.
What happens when you heat a solid?
When a solid is heated the particles it is made from will have more energy and will therefore vibrate more.
Therefore the particles will move slightly further apart and the solid will expand. This means it gets bigger.
What happens when a solid is cooled?
When a solid is cooled the particles is it made from will have less energy and will therefore vibrate less.
Therefore the particles will move closer together and the solid will contract. This means it gets smaller.
What is the boiling point of a substance?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
The boiling point of pure water is 100 °C
What is the melting point of a substance?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
The melting point of pure water is 0 °C
Which states does diffusion happen in?
Liquids and gases but not in solids.
Why is diffusion faster at higher temperatures?
Because the particles have more energy and will therefore move faster.
What happens when gas particles hit the walls of the container the gas is being kept in?
The apply/exert a force.
The more often they hit the walls or the harder they hit the walls the higher the pressure.
Which states flow?
Liquids and gas
