Particle Model Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of density?

A

The mass per unit volume of a material
Density = mass / volume

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2
Q

What does state of matter mean?

A

A form in which matter can exist, based on the particle arrangement in a substance

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3
Q

What are the different states of matter in order of density of atoms?

A

Gas, liquid and solid

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4
Q

What is the structure of liquids?

A

The particles have some kinetic energy, they are free to move and can move around in random directions at very slow speeds

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5
Q

What is the movement of particles in a solid?

A

The particles vibrate around a fixed position as they don’t have enough kinetic energy to move free,y

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6
Q

What is the structure of particles in a gas?

A

Particles in gas have almost no forces between them therefore they are completely free to move and move at high speeds in random directions

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7
Q

What is always conserved when a substance undergoes a change of state?

A

Mass

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8
Q

How does a change of state differ from a chemical change?

A

In a change of state, the material can return to having its previous properties if the change is reversed

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9
Q

What is the internal energy of a substance?

A

The energy stored by the particles and the sum of the total kinetic and potential energies that make up the system

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10
Q

What two things can heating a substance do?

A

Raise its temperature and change the state of the substance

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11
Q

What three factors determine the temperature change of a system?

A

Mass of substance being heated, type of material and energy inputted into the system

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12
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When a solid turns directly into a gas

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13
Q

What is the difference between physical and chemical changes in substances?

A

Physical changes can be reversed and chemical changes cannot be easily reversed

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14
Q

How does heating cause a substance to change state?

A

Heating matter gives particles more potential energy, this energy is used to break the bonds of attraction leading to a change of star

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15
Q

Why does heating increase the temperature of substances?

A

It increases the amount of thermal energy in that substance, it also gives the particles more KE meaning they move faster and their temperature increases

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16
Q

What equation could be used to carbon the energy change when a substance is heated?

A

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature

17
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to increases the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1C

18
Q

What does specific latent heat mean?

A

The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of substance with no change in temperature

19
Q

What equation is for energy required to change state?

A

Energy = mass x specific latent heat

20
Q

What is the structure of particles in a gas?

A

Particles in a gas have almost no forces between them therefore they are completely fre to move and move at high speeds in random directions

21
Q

What is the pressure of a gas in terms of the motion of particles?

A

The particles move in random directions, when they collide with the walls of a container they exert a force which acts at a right angle to the container and this causes pressure

22
Q

What is the equation to calculate pressure?

A

Pressure = force / area

23
Q

What factor affects the average KE of gas molecules?

A

Temperature of the gas and the higher the temperature the higher the average KE of the molecules

24
Q

What effect does increasing temperature have on the pressure of a gas when held at constant volume?

A

Gas pressure will increase as the temperature increases

25
Q

Why does pressure increase as temperature increases?

A

KE of molecules increases, collisions between molecules becomes more frequent, greater rate of change of momentum and greater force and therefore pressure

26
Q

What is the force that the pressure of a gas exerts on the walls of its container?

A

The net force acts at right angles to each surface of the container and the force increases as pressure increases

27
Q

How does increasing the volume of gas results in a decrease of pressure?

A

Molecules become more spread out so rate of collisions decreases and rate of change of momentum decreases, and so force exerted on container decreases resulting in a lower pressure

28
Q

What can be said about the product of pressure and volume for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature?

A

It’s constant

29
Q

What is the unit used for pressure?

A

Pascal

30
Q

What increases when you do work on a gas?

A

The internal energy of the gas and this can also lead to an increase of temperature

31
Q

How do you convert between degree Celsius and Kelvin?

A

Degrees Celsius -> +273 -> Kelvin

32
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

-273C, particles have no KE and don’t move

33
Q

What equation can be used to calculate the pressure/volume for a gas which the mass is fixed and temperature is constant?

A

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

34
Q

Why does the temperature of air inside a bike pump increase when it is pumped?

A

Work is done on a gas when it’s compressed, doing work on a gas increases it’s internal energy so increases the average KE of the molecules and temperature increases with an increase of average KE