Particle Kinematics Flashcards
What are the properties of a particle?
Negligible dimensions and rotation
What is Kinematics?
Discipline of mechanics that deals with the motion of particles over time without reference to the forces that cause displacement, velocity and acceleration of the particle.
What is a scalar quantity?
Defined only by amount or magnitude.
What is a vector quantity?
Magnitude; Direction
What are the types of plane motion?
Rectilinear; Curvilinear
What is displacement?
Amount of change in position
What is the magnitude of displacement?
Distance
If the displacement is not 0…
The particle is moving.
What is velocity?
Rate of change of the position
What is the formula for velocity?
Delta X/ Delta T
What is the magnitude of velocity?
Speed
If the velocity is changing then…
the particle is accelerating
If the velocity of a particle is constant…
then its speed AND direction does not change
What is the rate of change of the velocity of a particle?
Acceleration
What is the formula for acceleration?
A= delta v/delta t
What did Aristotle believe?
All motion on earth is linear. Heavens–curved. Two balls of different weights fall at different rates. Natural tendency of massive objects to seek the center of the earth.
What did Galileo do?
Performed studies on the acceleration of spherical bodies.
Why is it that objects do not always fall at the same time?
Friction
Who developed mechanics?
Newton
What are Newton’s Laws of Motion?
Inertia, Acceleration, Action-reaction
What is a projectile?
an object upon which the only force acting is GRAVITY
A projectile is any object which was once thrown which…
continues in motion by inertia; influenced only by gravity
What are the two components of projectile motion?
Horizontal and vertical
Max range? Max elevation?
45 deg. and 90 deg.
What is uniform circular motion?
Motion of an object in a circle with a constant or uniform speed
For circular motion what is the formula for Avg. Speed?
Avg. Speed = 2pi r / t
Does velocity equal speed?
No
An object moving along a circle…(in terms of direction)
Constantly changes direction
What is the velocity where magnitude is constant but direction is changing?
Tangential velocity
Explain how despite constant speed, an object in circular motion is still accelerating?
Acceleration is change in velocity NOT speed
What is acceleration directed inwards?
Normal acceleration
What is the equation for normal acceleration?
An = v^2 / r
What does normal acceleration account for?
Change in direction NOT magnitude
What does tangential acceleration account for?
Change in magnitude
What is the “center seeking” force?
Centripetal force
What is required for objects to move in circles?
Since objects usually travel in straight lines, you need the presence of an UNBALANCED FORCE
What are the requirements for centripetal force?
Friction, Tension and Gravity
Centripetal force for uniform circular motion alters ______ without altering ______
Direction without altering speed
What is the motion with respect to another moving reference?
Relative motion
