Participation Flashcards
What are the three core elements of Collective Action Frames?
- Injustice: Moral outrage against perceived unfairness.
- Identity: Shared grievances among a group.
- Agency: Belief in the effectiveness of collective action.
How do collective action frames emerge?
Through public discourse, interpersonal interaction, and cultural narratives, including media influence.
What are Klandermans’ four steps toward movement participation?
Sympathizer: Identifies with the cause and becomes part of the mobilization potential.
Targeted: Receives recruitment attempts via social networks.
Motivation: Evaluates the costs and benefits of participation.
Action: Overcomes barriers and actively engages
What factors determine whether individuals continue participating or disengage?
Their level of commitment to the movement.
What are the three types of commitment in social movements?
Affective: Emotional attachment due to positive experiences.
Continuance: Participation due to investment and lack of alternatives.
Normative: A moral obligation shaped by values and socialization.
How does affective commitment increase?
Through rewarding participation experiences and positive feedback loops.
What are the main motivations for participation?
A balance of costs (time, risk) and benefits (social incentives, goal achievement).
What are the barriers to participation?
- Psychological (fear of failure), logistical (time constraints), and external (repression).
- High motivation can help overcome barriers.
How can movement organizers increase participation?
- Frame grievances effectively to create a shared understanding.
- Build strong networks for recruitment.
- Emphasize both collective and selective incentives: selective = social approval; collective = shared goal attainment
- Help participants overcome barriers through logistical support.
- Reinforce commitment via rewarding experiences and value alignment.
What role do affective ties play in student movements?
- Personal relationships (e.g., friendships, romantic ties) help recruit and retain members in protest movements.
- External relationships may deter commitment
- “dyadic withdrawal” can occur when new relationships form within a movement.
What is consciousness-raising in activism?
- A process where individuals develop ideological commitment through discussions that question institutional legitimacy.
- Prior political socialization and group influence consciousness-raising
What is collective empowerment in social movements?
- A sense of group strength developed during protests, particularly through dramatic and visible actions.
- the bandwagon effect increases participation due to the perceived power and success of the movement.
How does polarization affect group commitment?
- intensifies conflicts, deepens group solidarity, but can also hinder negotiation and cause internal tensions.
- polarization can strengthen group solidarity when other processes (e.g., collective empowerment) are robust
Why is collective decision-making important in movements?
- Democratic discussions encourage continued commitment
- Group decisions create a sense of obligation, even if they counter personal preferences.
