Participant Selection, Biases, and Survey Logistics Flashcards
What is random sampling?
Random sampling selects participants from the population entirely at random, giving every individual an equal chance.
What is stratified sampling?
Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups based on important characteristics and then randomly samples from each group, ensuring representation.
How can weights be used to address non-representative samples?
Weights are statistical adjustments applied to data to account for over- or under-representation of certain groups in a non-representative sample.
They are calculated by dividing the expected sample size of a group by its actual sample size, then multiplied by the variable of interest.
What are two ethical considerations in survey research?
Two ethical considerations are informed consent and confidentiality.
What is selection bias?
Selection bias occurs when the sample chosen does not accurately represent the target population, leading to skewed results.
For example, a study on exercise habits that only samples gym members will likely overestimate overall physical activity levels.
How can interviewer bias affect survey results?
Interviewer bias occurs when the interviewer’s actions or characteristics influence participant responses.
For example, an interviewer’s tone of voice or facial expressions may unintentionally guide participants towards certain answers.
What are two ways to minimize response bias in a survey?
To minimize response bias, researchers can use neutral language and ensure answer choices offer a balanced range of options.
Why are research permits important for fieldwork?
Research permits demonstrate that a study has been ethically reviewed and meets the host country’s regulations.
What are two key aspects of fieldwork planning?
Two key aspects of fieldwork planning are budgeting, which includes estimating and securing funds for both fixed costs (like equipment) and flexible costs (like transport), and logistics, involving arranging travel, accommodation, local collaborations, and team training.
What is the purpose of conducting a pilot study?
Pilot studies or pre-tests involve administering the survey to a small test group before the main data collection.
This helps identify confusing questions, logistical issues, or needed adjustments to ensure smooth and effective data collection during the full study.
