Partial 2 - Lipids

Question 1

Lipoproteins from lowest to highest density

Answer 1

Chylomicron
VLDL
IDL 
LDL
HDL

Question 2

Major Apoprotein of HDL

Answer 2

ApoA-1

Question 3

Major Apoprotein of LDL

Answer 3

ApoB-100

Question 4

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)

Answer 4

This protein plays a major regulatory role in cholesterol homeostasis, mainly by reducing LDLR levels on the plasma membrane. Reduced LDLR levels result in decreased metabolism of LDL-particles, which could lead to hypercholesterolemia

Question 5

HDL is produced by

Answer 5

Liver and Intestine

Question 6

Cholesterol HDL (HDL-C) in men and women

Answer 6

Men: >40mg/dl, ApoA-1 > 120mg/dl
Women: >45mg/dl, ApoA-1 > 140mg/dl

Question 7

Total cholesterol and total triglycerides

Answer 7

Total Cholesterol (TC) <190mg/dl
Triglycerides (TG) <150mg/dl

Question 8

Friedewald equation

Answer 8

LDL-C (mg/dl) = TC - HDL-C - (TG/5)

Question 9

Who is the most vulnerable to lipid and lipoprotein distrubances?

Answer 9

DM patients
Obese people
Smokers, drinkers

Question 10

Hypercholesterolemia lipid profile

Answer 10

TC>190mg/dl
LDL-C>115mg/dl
HDL-C Normal/decreased
TG Normal/Increased

Question 11

Primary hypercholesterolemia

Answer 11

Familiar hypercholesterolemia

Gene polymorphism + unhealthy diet

Question 12

Familiar hypercholesterolemia causes

Answer 12

Familiar defect of LDL-R
Familiar defect of apoB-100
PCSK9 mutations

Question 13

Secondary hypercholesterolemia

Answer 13

Simple obesity (unhealthy habbits)
Age and gender
Diabetes type 2
Uremia
Hypothyroidism
Cushing's disease and syndrome

Question 14

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia lipid profile

Answer 14

TG>150mg/dl
HDL-C<40mg/dl
LDL-C Normal/Increased
FPG>99mg/dl

Question 15

Atherogenic dyslipidemia is observed in

Answer 15

Metabolic syndrome

Diabetes Mellitus type 2

Question 16

Primary hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 16

Familiar hyperchylomicronemia (Chylomicrons)
Familiar dysbetalipoproteinemia (VLDL and IDL)
Familiar mixed hyperlipidemia (VLDL and IDL)

Question 17

Primary hypertriglyceridemia causes

Answer 17

Familiar hyperchylomicronemia (Chylomicrons)
-Defect of LPL
-Defect of C-II
Familiar dysbetalipoproteinemia (VLDL and IDL)
-apoE2 isoform
Familiar mixed hyperlipidemia (VLDL and IDL)
-apoB-100 overproduction and increased activity of apoC-III

Question 18

Secondary hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 18

Diet (extreme obesity with chylomicrons)
Diabetes type 2 (VLDL)
Alcohol