Partial 2 (Antiviral Drugs)

Question 1

Zidovudine can cause ____ and _____.

Answer 1

_______ can cause anemia and neutropenia.

Question 2

____ ______ transcriptase ______ (NNRTIs) include rilpivirine and _____.

NNRTIs are used in alternative regimens for patients who ____ ____respond to, or ____ _____, a preferred regimen

Answer 2

Nonnucleoside reverse______ inhibitors (NNRTIs) include ______ and efavirenz.

______ are used in alternative regimens for patients who do not respond to, or cannot tolerate, a preferred regimen

Question 3

Entecavir and tenofovir are _____ or _____

reverse ____ ______ that block transcription of

viral RNA and are used to treat ____ ____

Answer 3

_____ and ______ are nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors that _____ _____ of viral ____ and are used to treat hepatitis B.

Question 4

Foscarnet is a____ drug used to treat ____ _____and acyclovir- resistant ____ and ____infections.

Answer 4

______ is a nonnucleoside drug used to treat CMV retinitis and _____-_____ HSV and VZV infections.

Question 5

Acyclovir and most _____ cause _____ _____when they are _____ into ____ DNA.

Ganciclovir and penciclovir inhibit _____ ____ _____ but are not incorporated into viral DNA.

Answer 5

______ and most NRTIs cause chain termination when they are incorporated into viral DNA.

_____ and ______ inhibit viral DNA polymerase but are not ____ _____ viral DNA.

Question 6

Name 5 drugs that bind and ____ the hepatitis C nonstructural protein ____, which is an _____ of viral RNA polymerase.

Answer 6

Daclatasvir, elbasvir, ledipasvir, ombitasvir, and velpatasvir bind and inhibit the ____ ____ _____ _____ NS5A, which is an activator of ___ ____ ____.

Question 7

Drugs for HIV infection include agents that _____ _____ _____ (RT), HIV protease, _____ _____ _____, and HIV fusio

Answer 7

Drugs for_____ infection include agents that inhibit reverse transcriptase (RT), ___ _____, integrase strand transfer, and ____ ____.

Question 8

The currently recommended protease inhibitors are _____ and _____.

Answer 8

The currently recommended ______ ______ are darunavir and ritonavir.

Question 9

Acyclovir, ______, and penciclovir are ____ ______to their monophosphate ______ by viral kinases, and then host cell kinases convert them to _____.

Other ______ analogs, including those for treating HIV infection, are _______ only by Host cell kinases.

Answer 9

_____, ganciclovir, and ______ are selectively phosphorylated to their ________ metabolites by ____ _____, and then host cell kinases convert them to triphosphates.

Other nucleoside _____, including those for treating _____ infection, are phosphorylated only by ___ _____ kinases.

Question 10

Valacyclovir and valganciclovir are _____ that are converted to____ or _____ in vivo.

The prodrugs have better oral _____ and produce ____ _____ levels of the active metabolites.

Answer 10

______ and _____ are prodrugs that are converted to acyclovir or ganciclovir in vivo.

The prodrugs have better____ bioavailability and produce higher serum levels of the ____ _____ .

Question 11

Acyclovir, famciclovir, penciclovir, and valacyclovir are ____ _____ used to treat ___ and ____ infections.

Answer 11

_____, _____, _____, _____ are nucleoside analogs used to treat HSV and VZV infections.

Question 12

• Trifluridine is a ____ _____ used to treat _____ ______.

Answer 12

• _____ is a nucleoside analog used to treat herpetic keratoconjunctivitis.

Question 13

Peginterferon-alfa is used to treat ___-__ and

___-____.

Localized interferon ____ _____ are used to treat anogenital papular eruptions due to papillomavirus.

Answer 13

____-____ is used to treat ___-____ and

____-___.

Localized interferon alfa injections are used to treat ______ ______ eruptions due to ________.

Question 14

Frequently used ______ include abacavir, _____, emtricitabine, ______, and _____.

Answer 14

Frequently used NRTIs include _____, tenofovir, ______, lamivudine, and zidovudine.

Question 15

Ribavirin is a ___-_____ ____ drug used to treat ____ ____ virus infection in neonates, and hepatitis B and C in combination with other drugs.

Answer 15

_____is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug used to treat respiratory syncytial virus infection in ______, and ____-____ and ___ in combination with other drugs.

Question 16

Name 3 drugs which bind to

nonstructural protein NS3- 4A, a serine protease catalyzing cleavage of the ____ ____ ______ during viral maturation.

Answer 16

Grazoprevir, simeprevir, and paritaprevir bind to nonstructural protein____-____, a serine protease catalyzing cleavage of the hepatitis C polyprotein during ____ _____.

Question 17

Oseltamivir and _____ are ______ inhibitors that inhibit the ______ and spreading of ___ ___ and B virions, and are used in prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.

Answer 17

_____ and zanamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors that inhibit the release and spreading of influenza A and ____ _____, and are used in ____ and treatment of______.

Question 18

Dasabuvir and sofosbuvir inhibit the _____ _____ _____ ____ _____ that replicates the viral RNA genome.

Answer 18

_____ and_____ inhibit the hepatitis C viral RNA polymerase that replicates the ____ ____ ____.

Question 19

Palivisumab is a ___ ____ used to prevent and treat ___ infection in infants who are at increased risk of serious disease and hospitalization.

The agent prevents _____ of the ____ and host cell.

Answer 19

________ is a monoclonal antibody used to prevent and treat RSV infection in______ who are at _____ _____ of serious disease and hospitalization.

The agent prevents fusion of the virus and _____ ____.

Question 20

Ritonavir is also used to _____ the serum levels of other drugs by inhibiting their metabolism by _____enzymes.

Answer 20

_______ is also used to increase the ___ _____ of other drugs by _______ their metabolism by CYP450 enzymes.

Question 21

• Cidofovir and ganciclovir are ___ _____ used for the ____ and ____ of _____ diseases (e.g., retinitis, esophagitis, and colitis).

Answer 21

• _____ and _____ are nucleoside analogs used for the prevention and treatment of CMV diseases (e.g., ______, ____, and ____).

Question 22

Drug combinations act synergistically to ____ ____ ____, increase ___ ____, and ameliorate symptoms.

The currently preferred regimens for HIV infection consist of ___ ______ or nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) plus an ____ _____ transfer inhibitor or a ___ _____

Answer 22

_____ ______ act synergistically to reduce viral loads, increase CD4 cells, and _____ _____.

The currently preferred regimens for ____ _____consist of two nucleoside or ___ ____ ____ (NRTIs) plus an integrase strand _____ _____ or a protease inhibitor

Question 23

Some PIs and NNRTIs interact with other drugs via _____ or _____ of ____ ______ isozymes.

Answer 23

Some ____ and _____ interact with other drugs via inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 ______.