part2 Flashcards
What are the 5 questions you must ask before conducting decon
- Can decon be conducted safely
- Are existing resources adequate and if not -how can I get them
- What agents
- What is the weather
- Terrain
What are some considerations within the weather considerations of decon
- Is it really cold (below 36 degrees dry decon)
- Do they have hypothermia
- After dry decon move inside to wash with high-volume and LOW pressure
What is required respiratory protection for OSHA when facing unknown contamination
Positive pressure SCBA
What are the three types of decon, who gets each, and is speed a factor
- Emergency – anybody – yes
- Mass – victims – yes
- Technical – responders – no
What is the most important consideration with regards to transfer/product removal
Appropriate equipment
What are you using for transfer on a 406,407, 412
PTO (Power Take-off Pump)
If you are using nitrogen or compressed air during transfer on a 431 or 438 what type of pressure transfer are you using
Compressed air
What are you using for transfer on a 431 or 438
Pressure Transfer
What are the 4 types of leaks in a 406,407 or 412
- Dome Cover Leak
- Irregular shaped hole
- Puncture
- Split or tear
What are the two things you must ensure when containing leak for 406,407,412
Use compatible equipment and control spilled product
What are the safety considerations for product transfer ops
- Bonding
- Grounding
- Elimination of ignition sources
- Shock hazards
What are the 3 methods of decon
- Physical
- Chemical
- Prevention
What are the 3 types of decontaminants
- Misc (commercial)
- Natural
- Military
UV light kills what and what does it not kill
Bioagents but not spores
Do you need to control runoff during emergency decon, mass, technical?
No, yes, yes
What resources are available to help you select the correct decon procedure
Manufacturer
Chemtrek
National Response center
Local and regional poison control
What are the major considerations when operating in a confined space environment
Oxygen level Toxicity/flammable Engulfment Slips/Trips Electrical Shock Structural Mechanical
What are the 4 types of 55 gal drum leak
Chime
Sidewall
Nail puncture
Forklift puncture
What are the 5 basic steps for the process of mass decon
Initial size up Victim control and triage Decontamination setup Mass Decon execution Post Decon
What is technical decon
Planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to ALARA
What are the atmospheric considerations in a confined environment
Oxygen levels
Toxicity/flammability
What are the 3 fundamental stages of decon
Primary (gross)
Secondary (residual)
Tertiary (PPE removal)
What are the safety considerations when installing a clamp
PPE Compatibility Monitor Eliminate ignition source Control Spilled product
What percent bleach do you use on personnel?
.5% (use 5% and dilute 10:1)
What are the methods of chemical decon
Adsorption Disinfecting Degradation Nuetralization Solidification Sterilization Dilution
What is the most effective method of decon?
Washing
What are the methods of physical decon
Absorption
Brushing/scraping
Isolation and disposal
Vacuuming
WashingWhat is the most important part of emergency decon
Speed
How should you separate victims
Symptomatic/Asymptomatic, male female, (take aside special needs and elderly), don’t separate families
In what manner should decontamination be set up and implemented
In a way which timely manner which is effective in saving lives, limiting injuries, and reducing the spread of contamination
When should a debrief take place, when should a critique
- Up to LERP or SOP, although generally as soon as possible
- Still up to LERP or SOP but generally a few days after so the stress has subsided
3 Methods for overpacking a 55 gal drum and key words associated with them
Slip over - “over the top”
Slide-in – “V roll”
Rolling slide in - “rollers”
What are 3 methods useful in assessing the effectiveness of decon
Visual observation
Monitoring devices
Wipe Samples
What are the hazards to consider regarding leaks/spills in a confined environment?
Engulfment
Oxygen levels
Toxicity/Flammable
What is the first thing to do during a drum leak
Position leak above fluid level (turn it so the leak is highest)
Performing technical decon you should remove all contamination (true or false)
True (you SHOULD you just probably wont)
What is the key thing to remember for the test about evaporation
It does not work well on porous surfaces
Which sorption is physical and which chemical
Absorption is physical
Adsorption is chemical
What must be done when using dilution
Collect and dispose of run-off
What is the prime advantage and disadvantage to isolation and disposal
- Eliminates the immediate threat to people, property, and the environment
- Increased potential for cross-contamination
What is the difference between disingection and sterilization
Disinfection removes majority of pathogens, sterilization removes all
What is the only decon method used on personnel
Physical
What must a cbrn responder do with regards to decontamination
Do it as quickly as possible in order to save lives
What do you use to communicate with the victims during a hazmat event
Loud speaker or public address system (this is not a speakerphone)
What are some examples of adsorption materials
Activated charcoal, silica or aluminum gel, fuller earth or other clay
What are some examples of absorbents?
Soil, sand, and absorbent pillows
What is important during execution of mass decon execution
Proper positioning of fire apparatus and hose streams
What are the 3 components of a effective debriefing
Direction
Participation
Solution
How long does OSHA require exposure and medical records to be maintained
Till end of employment plus 30 years
Where does everything regading your actions on a site go
Activity log (da form 1594)
What is the most complex drum leak
Forklift puncture
What are the 3 types of leak from a pressure tank
Fusible plug
Valve
Sidewall
On what do you use a dome clamp (specialty clamp)
406, 407, 412 trucks domes
What are the 3 components of an effective critique
Direction
Participation
Solution (yes this is the same as debrief)
What documents should be prepared as a result of critique
Up to LERP/SOP
A written report
Site saftey plan
Written elements of plan of action
Can we use tech decon for ambulatory and non ambulatory victims
Yes
Are fatalities done on the same decon line as live victims
No
What do you never do with bleach
Apply to the face
The removal of clothing does what
Removes 50-80% of contamination
What is the main limitation of disinfection
Does not completely remove microorganism
Is evaporation of a flammable liquid spill an example of degradation
Yes (even though its not)
What are the requirements for logs
SOP/LERP
Who should be involved in a critique
- LERP/SOP
- 1 member from each agency
- Individuals responsible for training, revising SOP and ERP, and resource acquisition
Action options and response objectives at Technician level
(a) Offensive
(b) Defensive
(c) Nonintervention
What are action options and response objectives based on
Stage of the incident
The timing of intervention doesn’t matter. True or false
False the earlier the intervention the more acceptable the losses will be
Decisions should focus on changing the actions of what
stressors, the containment system,
and the hazardous material
List the sequences of an event
Stress Breach Release Engulf Contact Harm
What is the response objective for Stress
Change Applied Stress
How do you change breach size
Chill Contents
Limit Stress Levels
Activate Venting Devices
Mechanical Repair
How do you change Change Quantity Release
Change container position
Minimize pressure differential
Cap off breach
Remove Contents
How do you change Change Applied Stress
Move Stressor
Move Stressed system
Shield Stressed System
What is the response objective for Contact
Change
Exposures
Contacted
How do you change Change Exposures Contacted
Provide Sheltering
Begin Evacuation
Personal Protective Equipment
What is the response objective for Engulf
Change
Size of
Danger Zone
How do you change Change Severity Of Harm
Rinse Off Contaminant
Increase Distance From Source
Provide Shielding
Provide Prompt Medical Attention
How do you change the danger zone
Barriers Adsorbents Absorbents Diluents Reactants Overpack
What is the response objective for Breach
Change
Breach Size
NFPA 1991 deals with which level class
Level A, class 1, type
What is the response objective for Harm
Change
Severity
Of Harm
Which NFPA deals with level B or class 2 what else deals with level B
1994 (1992)
Which NFPA deals with level B with CBRN option
1974
Which NFPA deals with class 3 and class 4 (level C and Level)
1994
What is the response objective for Release
Change Quantity Release
What is the difference between class 3 and 4 ppe
Extra regulations for radioactivity and bio agents
If I said you need the “highest level” of respiratory and skin protection I would be talking about
Level A, Class 1, or Type 1, Type 3
It would mean SCBA or SAR
What are the conditions for level B
Highest level of respiratory protection but a LESSER level of skin protection
In order to use level C what do you need to know
The concentration of all known contaminants and that there is at least 19.5% oxygen
What are the exclusion zones at a hazmat incident
Hot Zone and Warm Zone
What is PPE against thermal harm
Fire entry suits, NOMEX, proximity suits, specialized undergarments
What is PPE against chemical harm
Tychem/Tyvex, promask, protective overgarment,
What is PPE against radiological
lead apron
When do you use level D
When there is only nuisance contamination and outside of exclusion zones
What is PPE against mechanical harm (explosives
kevlar
What is PPE against asphyxiating
SCBA, level A and B
What is the minimum level of PPE against etiological harm
LEvel C
What are some situations where you may find you cant judge if PPE is adequate
Chemicals that have not been tested against material
Mixtures of chemicals
Chemicals cant be identified
Extreme environments (hot temp)
Lack of data on all clothing components (seams visors, etc..)
What is the key to respiratory protection
Clothing level (boils down to mask type but test will say this)
How far is the line on an SAR
300 ft
What must you wear with an SAR
emergency egress system
Who provides the criteria for which conditions must meet to where APR
OSHA and EPA
What are the items that must be considered in the process of selecting proper respiratory protection
Name Concentration Hazard Expected Exposure OSHA requirements (nobody can have everything OSHA)
What is the minimum level of respiratory protection required for an unknown hazard
SCBA, (not level A)
What are the two types of degradation
Chemical and Physical
How should all pieces of equipment be used
According to manufacturer specifications
What are indications of degradation
Stiffness or excess pliability
Tears, cuts, abrasions
Damage to zippers or closures
Soft sticky areas
What are the NFPA 1991 standards for permeation. NFPA 1992 and 1994?
3 hrs
1 hr
List the classification term for NFPA, EPA, and OSHA PPE
NFPA - class
EPA - Type
OSHA - Level
What is type 3 PPE
level A but with SAR
What are heat cramp symptoms
cramps
weakness
heavy perspiration
What are heat exhaustion symptoms
excessive sweating, pale moist cool skin, headache,weakness dizziness, loss of appetite cramping, nausea, urge to defecate chills, rapid breathing, confusion
What are heat Stroke symptoms
hot red skin, weakness, dizziness, confusion, headache, seizure, nausea, stomach pains, rapid weak pulse, unconsciousness
What reduces anxiety from using PPE
practice
What is blanketing
covering the contaminant inside or outside WITH FOAM to prevent it from spreading (can limit vaporization)
What is covering
Actually putting a barrier on top of contaminatns
What is the difference between damming and diking
Damming occurs in a waterway, diking on the ground
What is the difference between damming/diking and diversion
Diversion redirects it doesn’t stop flow
When is dispersion used and what does it do
On water, to disperse or break up the contaminant (does spread to larger area)
List some things that should be in the incident action plan
Site map or sketch (inl CP and Control zones) Entry obj On scene organization Hazard (evaluation and analysis) PPE work assignments Communication procedures Decon procedures
If there is no possibility of saving lives then..
no risk to safety of team members is acceptable
When are the two times you should give safety brief
Arrival to site and prior to HZ entry
what are the five functions of the ICS
command, operations, finance, logistics, Operations, Planning
What is the number of people a supervisor can effectively supervise? What is the optimal number
3-7, 5
What is true about unified command
No agencys legal authority will be comprimised
What is commander responsible for
delegation
takes direction from authorities
ensures safety
provides information to external and internal stakeholders
liaises with other agencies participating in incident
Who are the command staff
Safety officer, public information officer, liaison officer
What is the Finance/Admin section responsible for
Contract negotiating Timekeeping Cost analysis Compensation for injury or damage (basically money and time)
What is the Logistics section responsible for
facilities, services, materials and support systems (beans, bullets and equipment)
What is the Operations section responsible for
Execution (basically S3)
What is the Planning section responsible for
intel gathering and dissemination (basically S2)
What is group, division, and branch associated with
group - one job not neccesarily one location
division - many jobs one area
branch - big jobs either geographical or functional
What is a Base?
Location at which primary logistic functions for incident are coordinated and administered. only 1
What are the functions within a hazmat branch
Supervisor Ass. Safety Supervisor Site access control leader Decon Leader Tech Specialist/hazmat leader Safe Refuge area manager
Why should you establish rehabilitation programs
Replenishment of fluids
Rest and recovery
what do you need to record with regards to PPE
Time interval
Repair
Inspections
Testing
