Part1 Flashcards
(121 cards)
Where are casts formed?
Renal tubules
The body excretes how may grams of substrate a day? Half is what?
60 grams, 50% is urea
Most kidney stones are made with what kind of crystals?
Calcium oxalate (75%)
What is the initial and most common follow up for gallstones?
Expectant management
Cholesterol plates in the urine are usually indicative of what condition?
Hyperlipidemia
Which physical exam test would be positive with a patient with WBC casts in the urine?
Punch test (kidneys –> pyelonephritis
What could be the cause of post-hepative liver disease
Biliary tree obstruction
What is the normal color range for unwind?
Straw to amber (light yellow to dark yellow)
What does ketonuria indicate in non diabetic patients?
- Reduced carbohydrate metabolism and excessive fat metabolism
What are the steps when suspecting lytic metastasis as a cause for a pathological fracture due to findings on X-ray?
- Bone scan —> MRI —> Biopsy
Frothy urine due to
Proteins
Milky urine is associated with what?
Hyperlipidemia (risk factor for heart disease)
Urine may appear _______in nephrotic syndrome?
Frothy
Acidic urine is associated with what kinds of stones?
Xanthine, cysteine, Uric acid
What would conjugated bilirubin in the urine indicate?
Obstruction to flow of bile from liver (possible gall stones, tumor, pancreatic cancer, liver inflammation/infection)
What are the steps when suspecting MM as a cause for a pathological fracture due to findings on X-ray?
- PEP —> Skeletal Survey —> MRI —> Biopsy
Which form of bilirubin is pre hepatic?
Unconjugated
Orthostatic proteinuria is associated with what spinal change?
Exaggerated lumbar lordosis
What is the diagnosis for red, pink, smokey colored urine with increased RBC count?
Hematuria
What screening test is used to detect WBCs in urine?
Leukocyte esterase
Excess of what vitamin can cause bright yellow urine?
B vit
What are the federal regulatory standards that apply to all clinical lab testing performed on humans in the us? Except clinical trials and basic research?
CLIA
Diets high in citrus fruits and vegs are usually what (pH)?
Alkaline
What kind of UTI has a pH that you’d want to drink cranberry juice?
Alkaline (>7)