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history - conflict and tension 1918-1939 > part two : the league of nations and international peace > Flashcards

part two : the league of nations and international peace Flashcards

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1
Q

what year was the league of nations formed?

A
  • jan 10 1920.
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2
Q

who gave the idea for the league of nations?

A
  • president wilson gave the idea of the league of nations.
  • he wanted it to be like a parliament where representatives of all nations could meet regularly to decide on any matters that affected them all without violence.
  • the league should be apart of major peace treaties and in 1919 wilson took personal charge in drawing plans for the league.
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3
Q

by February 1920, what plan did he come up with?

A
  • all the major nations would join the league.
  • they would all disarm.
  • if they had a dispute they would bring the situation to the league and promise to accept the leagued decision.
  • also had to promise to protect each other in an event of invasion and had to sign a covenant.
  • if any country broke the covenant, the other members had to stop trading with them and send troops is necessary to stop fighting.
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4
Q

why did the USA leave the league?

A
  • wilson was facing problems as the congress wasn’t approving of the league.
  • the congress stated that they did not want to get involved with european entanglements.
  • wilson tired his best but in 1919 the congress voted no.
  • in march 1920 he came back to the congress with the proposal but was defeated again.
  • the USA never joined the league.
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5
Q

who was in the league and how was the league supposed to work?

A
  • after the USA, britain and france were the most powerful countries in the league.
  • throughout the 1920s and 1930s they made the major decisions.
  • however both country’s economies were destroyed due to WWI.
  • they did not have the facilities to fill the gap left by the USA.
  • the league felt that with the absence of the USA, the leagues trading sanctions would only work if the americans applied them.
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6
Q

how many agencies where there in the league and what were their names?

A
  • 5 major agencies.
  • the council.
  • the assembly.
  • the permanent court of international justice.
  • the international labour organisation.
  • the secretariat.
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7
Q

what did the council do?

A
  • smaller group which met frequently for emergencies.
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8
Q

what was the assembly?

A
  • was the leagues parliament.
  • every country in the league sent a representative to the assembly.
  • they recommended action to the council.
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9
Q

what was the permanent court of international justice?

A
  • settled disputes between countries peacefully.
  • the court was based in the Netherlands.
  • court would give a decision on border disputed and gave advice to the assembly and the council.
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10
Q

what did the international labour organisation do?

A
  • brought together employers, governments and workers’ representatives once a year.
  • aim was to improve the conditions of working people.
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11
Q

what was the secretariat?

A
  • civil service.
  • kept records of league meetings and prepared reports for the agencies in the league.
  • had special sections covering areas like health and economic matters.
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12
Q

how many sections did the secretariat have and what are the names?

A
  • 4.
  • the mandates commission.
  • the refugees committee.
  • the slavery commission.
  • the health committee.
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13
Q

what was the mandates commission?

A
  • mandates were former german territories and land ruled by britain and france on behalf of the league.
  • the commission made sure that both countries acted in the interests of the people not by their interest.
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14
Q

what was the refugee committee?

A
  • helped to return refugees to their original homes after the end of WWI.
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15
Q

what was was the slavery commission?

A
  • worked to abolish slavery around the world.
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16
Q

what was the health committee?

A
  • they attempted to deal with the problem of dangerous diseases and to educate people about health and sanitation.
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17
Q

what was the aaland islands crisis?

A
  • in 1920 sweden and finland claimed the right to the aaland islands.
  • the league investigated the issue and the territory was given to finland.
  • sweden accepted this decision.
18
Q

what was the upper silesia crisis?

A
  • in 1921 there was a dispute between poland and germany about the territory of upper silesia.
  • the league sent troops for temporary control and they told the people to vote to decide.
  • the industrial areas voted germany and the rural areas voted poland.
  • the league then divided the country along these lines and both countries weer happy.
19
Q

what was the greek invasion of bulgaria crisis?

A
  • in 1925 greece invaded bulgaria.

- the league ordered the greeks to withdraw and they did so.

20
Q

what was the vilna crisis?

A
  • in 1920 poland invaded vilna.
  • the leagues protestations were ignores and this illustrated the limited nature if the leagues actual powers to enforce decisions.
21
Q

what was the italian invasion of corfu crisis?

A
  • in 1923 italy invaded the greek island of corfu.

- the league sided with italy and the greeks had to pay compensation even though italy was the aggressor.

22
Q

what was the locarno treaties?

A
  • these were a series of treaties in switzerland.
  • signed in london dec 1925.
  • involved european countries like the USSR and Germany who were not part of the league.
  • they had to settle land disputes.
  • germany was later invited to join the league in 1926.
23
Q

what was the kellogg-briand pact?

A
  • the US secretary frank b. kellogg and thefrench foreign minister aristide briand promiesed their counties to not use war in solving international disputes.
  • this was seen as weakening of the league of nations.
24
Q

how did the depression affect international relations?

A
  • USA not willing to use sanctions.
  • Britain not willing to impose sanctions to damage its own economy.
  • italy invades abyssinia to distract people from its own economic problems.
  • depression hits germany badly. hitler came to power because of high unemployment.
  • japan invades manchuria which has the raw materials it needs.
25
Q

what year was the manchurian crisis?

A
  • 1931-1933.
26
Q

why did japan invade manchuria?

A
  • claimed chinese forced sabotaged the southern railway that belonged to japan in manchuria.
  • invaded as ‘self defence’.
  • threw out all chinese forces in manchuria.
27
Q

when and what was the puppet government?

A
  • set up in 1932 by japan in manchuria which gave orders to the japanese army.
28
Q

what did japan do to shanghai?

A
  • japanese aeroplanes and gunships bombed shanghai.

- japanese government told the forces to stop, orders were ignored by the forces.

29
Q

what did the league do to investigate?

A
  • china asked league for help.
  • league was stuck as japan was a prominent member.
  • leagues officials took 1 year to investigate.
30
Q

what was the final verdict?

A
  • manchuria to be returned to china.
31
Q

what happened on the 24th feb 1933?

A
  • japan dod not withdraw, instead declared that they wanted to invade more of china as ‘self defence’.
  • leagues report was approved by 42 votes against japan.
32
Q

what year did japan resign from the league and what did they do after?

A
  • japan resigned from the league 27 march 1933.

- a week later they invaded jehol.

33
Q

what did the league think of this?

A
  • league was powerless as to the USA was not part of the league.
  • the rule was to stop training with countries that broke the rule but the USA would carry on trading as they weren’t in the league.
  • this caused the other members to disagree with the non trading rule as it would affect their economies as they were already damaged.
  • this showed the leagues weakness.
34
Q

what year was the Abyssinian crisis?

A
  • dec 5 1934.
35
Q

what was the history between abyssinia and italy crisis?

A
  • 1896 italy invaded abyssinia in hoping to get lanf and raw materials.
  • defeated by abyssinian troops.
  • mussolini wanted to seek revenge.
36
Q

what sparked the abyssinian crisis?

A
  • there was a dispute between italian and abyssinian soldiers at Wal-Wal oasis.
  • mussolini saw the opportunity and claimed it as italian territory.
  • began preparing the italian army for battle.
37
Q

how did the league deal with this?

A
  • british and french did not take it seriously as mussolini was the strongest ally against hitler.
  • 1935, they signed an agreement with hitler called the stresa front pact with mussolinis help.
  • britain and france came up with the hoare-laval deal.
38
Q

what was the hoare-laval deal?

A
  • to give mussolini 2/3 of abyssinia in return for withdrawing his troops.
39
Q

why did the hoare-laval pact cause such outrage?

A
  • the league was supposed to help smaller and less fortunate countries; they did the complete opposite.
40
Q

how did this affect the attitudes on the league?

A
  • britain and france were seen as a blatant act of trechery against the league.
  • hoare and laval were both sacked but this did not stop the deal from taking place.
41
Q

why was there no sanctions opposed to italy?

A
  • the league was concluding oil exchange bans on italy.

- america would still exchange oil with italy so there was no point in the sanctions.

history - conflict and tension 1918-1939 (3 decks)

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