Part Three, Topic Three: Nazi Control Flashcards
1
Q
Who was Joseph Goebbels?
A
- Appointed by Hitler in 1933 as Minister of Propaganda
- Used Positive Cohesion to portray Hitler as destined to become Germany’s leader
2
Q
Describe the Nuremberg rallies
A
- Began in 1923
- Organised by Goebbels
- Huge and impressive to give the people a sense of belonging. It gave the impression that ‘every other German’ supported the Nazis
- POSITIVE COHESION
- Featured Hitler’s speeches (powerful orator)
3
Q
Explain some examples of the Nazis using censorship
A
- Controlled mainly by Goebbels
- 1933: Goebbels organised a ‘book burning’ where students publicly burned books with unacceptable ideas to the Nazis
- Banned Jazz music as they named it ‘black music’
- Goebbels made radios cheap and then broadcasted the Nazi message (listening to the BBC was punishable by death)
4
Q
How was the Berlin Olympics used as a propaganda tool?
A
- Goebbels and Hitler believed it could be a showcase
- Other nations (e.g. USA) put pressure to boycott due to anti-Jewish politics
SO… They included a Jewish person on their team - HELENE MAYER - Helene won a silver medal in fencing and was photographed doing the Hitler salute
5
Q
What were the features of the police state?
A
SS
Gestapo
Concentration Camps
Control of the Courts
6
Q
What was the SS?
A
- Formed in 1925
- Led by Heinrich Himmler from 1929
- All members were Aryans
- Primary responsibility was to destroy opposition to Nazis and carry out racial policies
7
Q
What was the Gestapo?
A
- Secret State Police
- Led by Reinhard Heydrich
- Could arrest citizens on suspicion and send them to concentration camps without an explanation
- Very feared by German citizens (they believed incorrectly there was a Gestapo agent on every street)
8
Q
How did Nazi control the police and courts benefit them?
A
- Political snooping added to the police’s normal law and order role
- Opponents of Nazism rarely faced a fair trial
- Crimes committed by Nazi agents were ignored
- Top jobs in police forces went to high-ranking Nazis reporting to Himmler
9
Q
When were concentration camps first set up? - who ran them?
A
- Set up in 1933 after Hitler became chancellor
- Run by the SS’s ‘Death’s Head Units’
10
Q
Edelweiss Pirates
A
- Made anti-nazi slogans and sang pre-1933 folk songs
- 700 arrested in 1942
- Killed the Gestapo chief, so the Nazis publicly hanged 12 of them
11
Q
White rose group
A
- Munich university students formed in 1943
- Published anti-Nazi leaflets and marched through the city in protest
- The group leaders Hans and Sophie Scholl were arrested and sentenced to the guillotine
12
Q
Swing youth and jazz youth groups
A
- Young people who danced to jazz music
- Gestapo closely monitored them and raided illegal Jazz clubs
