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Physics Final Review > Part Three - Gravity, Relativity and Orbits > Flashcards

Part Three - Gravity, Relativity and Orbits Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolute motion is:

A

The actual change in position of an object (actual movement).

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2
Q

Relative motion is:

A

The perceived change in position of an object (movement relative).

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3
Q

How do you get objects into space?

A

Get the object fast enough and far enough that gravity is negligible.

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4
Q

What is the equivalence principle?

A

In an object that is moving, you aren’t moving relative to the object.

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5
Q

According to Einstein, if the sun disappeared, what would happen to the Earth?

A

It would get cold and travel into space in a straight line.

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6
Q

The more mass an object has…

A

…the more gravity acts on the object

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7
Q

The more distance an object has from a planet…

A

…the less the gravity of the planet acts on the object.

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8
Q

The larger the size of an object, the more it weighs.

A

False; A giant balloon filled with air can be larger than a small ball of mercury, but the DENSITY of mercury is higher, it has more MASS so it weighs more.

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9
Q

Size determines mass.

A

False; The amount of matter there is in an object determines mass.

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10
Q

The more mass an object has, the more it weighs.

A

True; Mass is what gravity acts upon, so the more mass an object has on any one object that has gravitational pull, the more it will weigh.

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11
Q

If you double the mass of one of the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?

A

The force doubles.

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12
Q

If you double the mass of both objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?

A

The force quadruples.

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13
Q

If you triple the mass of one of the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?

A

The force triples.

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14
Q

If you double the distance between the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?

A

The force is one fourth of the original.

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15
Q

If you half the distance between the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity

A

The force quadruples.

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16
Q

If you double the distance AND double the mass of both of the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?

A

The force remains the same.

17
Q

How fast objects move through space due to gravity and how much space is curved depends on what two things?

A

Mass of the object and the distance from the originating object.

18
Q

The closer you are to an object, the…

A

…more space is curved.

19
Q

The closer you are to an object, the…

A

…more the velocity of the orbiting object.

20
Q

What is Kepler’s First Law of Motion?

A

The path of planets around the sun are elliptical in shape.

21
Q

What is Kepler’s Second Law of Motion?

A

A line from the sun to a planet sweeps equal area in equal amount of time.

22
Q

What is Kepler’s Third Law of Motion?

A

The orbital period of an object squared equals distance to the sun cubed.

23
Q

What does “AU” stand for/mean?

A

Astronomical Unit; One AU = distance from the Earth to the Sun

24
Q

m = 70 kg, resultant F = 1 N, d = 10 m; find the mass of the second object using the Universal Gravitation Equation.

A

2.14 x 10^10 kg

25
Q

m1=70 kg, m2=7.34 x 10^22 kg, d=1.71 x 10^6 m; find the force between the two objects using the Universal Gravitation Equ.

A

117 N

26
Q

Mercury has a radius of 2.43 x 10^6 m, and a mass of 3.2 x 10^23 kg, what is Mercury’s acceleration due to gravity?

A

3.61 m/s^2

27
Q

Neptune has a radius of 2.27 x 10^7 m, and a mass of 1.03 x 10^26 kg, what is Mercury’s acceleration due to gravity?

A

13.3 m/s^2

28
Q

Between two objects: Gravitational F = 16 units. If the distance is reduced by a factor of 5, what is the new Force?

A

400 units

29
Q

Between two objects: Gravitational F = 16 units. mass of objects doubled, and distance doubled, what is the new Force?

A

16 units

30
Q

Two charged objects have a force of 0.080 N. If the charge of both of the objects is doubled, what is the new force?

A

0.020 N

31
Q

Two charged objects, F = 0.080 N. The charge of one is quadrupled, and the distance is doubled, what is the new force?

A

0.080 N

32
Q

Mercury’s distance to the Sun is 0.39 AU. Calculate its orbital period in years.

A

0.244 Earth Years

33
Q

Neptune takes 164.79 years to orbit the Sun. What is its distance from the Sun in AUs?

A

30.06 AU

34
Q

Calculate the orbital period of a new planet found to be orbiting 62 AU from the Sun.

A

488.19 Earth Years

Physics Final Review (7 decks)

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