Part Three - Gravity, Relativity and Orbits Flashcards
Absolute motion is:
The actual change in position of an object (actual movement).
Relative motion is:
The perceived change in position of an object (movement relative).
How do you get objects into space?
Get the object fast enough and far enough that gravity is negligible.
What is the equivalence principle?
In an object that is moving, you aren’t moving relative to the object.
According to Einstein, if the sun disappeared, what would happen to the Earth?
It would get cold and travel into space in a straight line.
The more mass an object has…
…the more gravity acts on the object
The more distance an object has from a planet…
…the less the gravity of the planet acts on the object.
The larger the size of an object, the more it weighs.
False; A giant balloon filled with air can be larger than a small ball of mercury, but the DENSITY of mercury is higher, it has more MASS so it weighs more.
Size determines mass.
False; The amount of matter there is in an object determines mass.
The more mass an object has, the more it weighs.
True; Mass is what gravity acts upon, so the more mass an object has on any one object that has gravitational pull, the more it will weigh.
If you double the mass of one of the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?
The force doubles.
If you double the mass of both objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?
The force quadruples.
If you triple the mass of one of the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?
The force triples.
If you double the distance between the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?
The force is one fourth of the original.
If you half the distance between the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity
The force quadruples.
If you double the distance AND double the mass of both of the objects, what happens to the force due to gravity?
The force remains the same.
How fast objects move through space due to gravity and how much space is curved depends on what two things?
Mass of the object and the distance from the originating object.
The closer you are to an object, the…
…more space is curved.
The closer you are to an object, the…
…more the velocity of the orbiting object.
What is Kepler’s First Law of Motion?
The path of planets around the sun are elliptical in shape.
What is Kepler’s Second Law of Motion?
A line from the sun to a planet sweeps equal area in equal amount of time.
What is Kepler’s Third Law of Motion?
The orbital period of an object squared equals distance to the sun cubed.
What does “AU” stand for/mean?
Astronomical Unit; One AU = distance from the Earth to the Sun
m = 70 kg, resultant F = 1 N, d = 10 m; find the mass of the second object using the Universal Gravitation Equation.
2.14 x 10^10 kg
m1=70 kg, m2=7.34 x 10^22 kg, d=1.71 x 10^6 m; find the force between the two objects using the Universal Gravitation Equ.
117 N
Mercury has a radius of 2.43 x 10^6 m, and a mass of 3.2 x 10^23 kg, what is Mercury’s acceleration due to gravity?
3.61 m/s^2
Neptune has a radius of 2.27 x 10^7 m, and a mass of 1.03 x 10^26 kg, what is Mercury’s acceleration due to gravity?
13.3 m/s^2
Between two objects: Gravitational F = 16 units. If the distance is reduced by a factor of 5, what is the new Force?
400 units
Between two objects: Gravitational F = 16 units. mass of objects doubled, and distance doubled, what is the new Force?
16 units
Two charged objects have a force of 0.080 N. If the charge of both of the objects is doubled, what is the new force?
0.020 N
Two charged objects, F = 0.080 N. The charge of one is quadrupled, and the distance is doubled, what is the new force?
0.080 N
Mercury’s distance to the Sun is 0.39 AU. Calculate its orbital period in years.
0.244 Earth Years
Neptune takes 164.79 years to orbit the Sun. What is its distance from the Sun in AUs?
30.06 AU
Calculate the orbital period of a new planet found to be orbiting 62 AU from the Sun.
488.19 Earth Years
