Part One Section 1 Social Welfare And Social Work In Canda

Question 1

Allied professions

Answer 1

Related or connected devices in areas of human services in health , educational, and community settings

Question 2

Caseworker

Answer 2

Traditional notion of the social worker with the sole function of applying the practice of caseworker

Question 3

Direct social work

Answer 3

Involves working directly with people as individuals , in families or households and communities in a direct face to face way (eg in a counselling role )

Question 4

Human services

Answer 4

Meets human needs through problem remediation using interdisciplinary approaches

Question 5

Income security

Answer 5

Income support In the form of demogrants, social insurance , social assistance , and income supplementation that can be unconditional or based on an income or needs tests; it can be provided through the tax system .

Question 6

Indirect social worker

Answer 6

Social work benefit to those In need but with organizations that advocate, research , plan , and implement social service and income security programs . Most often those who do indirect social work will be working with government , social service agencies , or advocacy or research groups and organizations whose purpose is to advocate for and with the people in need

Question 7

Institutional view

Answer 7

The view of social welfare calls for a publicly funded and organized system of programs and institutions because the market will not and cannot meet the needs and aspirations of all people the optimal distribution of welfare can only be achieved by such an organized system

Question 8

Person in the environment

Answer 8

An approach that goes beyond internal or psychological factors to examine the relationship between individuals and their environment . That is partly what distinguishes social work practice from other helping professions . The environment in question extends beyond the immediate family and includes interactions with friends neighbours schools religious groups laws and legislation other agencies or organizations places of employment and the economic system

Question 9

Private welfare

Answer 9

Social welfare programs funded by voluntary charitable contributions or individuals and private organizations by fees people pay for the service they receive or which are provided by funds spent by corporations to provide social welfare services for their employees

Question 10

Problem solving process

Answer 10

Identifies a problem identifies possible options evaluates options followed by implementation and evaluation

Question 11

Public welfare

Answer 11

Supply of resources from public sources

Question 12

Public welfare

Answer 12

The provision of welfare services at the three levels of government: the federal or national government the provincial government the provincial and territorial governments and the regional and municipal governments

Question 13

Residual view

Answer 13

The view of social welfare asserts that government should pay only a limited role in the distribution of social welfare. The state should step in only when normal sources of support fail and the individual is unable to help himself . This is in contrast to the institutional view

Question 14

Social change and social justice mandate

Answer 14

Calls for social worker to work in solidarity with those who are disadvantaged or excluded from society so as to Eliminate the barriers inequities and injustice that exist in society

Question 15

Social policies

Answer 15

The rules and regulations laws and other administrative directives that set the framework for date and social welfare activity

Question 16

Social programs

Answer 16

The specific initiatives that implement social policy . A social program outlines the funds I be spent and the purposes for which they will be spent

Question 17

Social safety net

Answer 17

The network of laws polices and programs currently in place around the country through which the Canadian state creates opportunities for individuals experiencing difficulties in their lives and helps them get back on their feet . In countries where the social safety net is weak or non existent there is little or no protection of this kind and individuals are often left to fend for themselves

Question 18

Social services

Answer 18

Non monetary personal or community services such as daycare housing crisis intervention and support groups provided by the state and non profit organizations for community members

Question 19

Social welfare

Answer 19

Including both social services and income security social welfare refers to the way people communities and institutions in a society take action to provide certain minimum standards and opportunities and to help people face contingencies

Question 20

Social well being

Answer 20

The meeting of basic human need for food shelter health and education under conditions or peace

Question 21

Structural approach

Answer 21

An approach to practice that focuses on the impact of wider social structures on personal problems and involves critical analysis of socio-economic structures that oppress and exploit people , whether based on class , race, age, gender, ability or sexuality

Question 22

Welfare state

Answer 22

A system whereby the state ostensibly undertakes to protect the health and well being of its citizens especially those in financial need

Question 23

Canada assistance plan

Answer 23

A compulsory contribution plan initiated in 1966 established cost - sharing principles for the provision of assistance and welfare to persons In need

Question 24

Canada health transfer

Answer 24

A general block transfer payment that is made to each province and territory in order to assist in paying for health care. The CHY comprises both cash transfer and a tax transfer that are allocated on a per capita basis in order to equalize support provided to provinces and territories independent of population size. It is the responsibility of the provinces and territories to allocate this health care funding to their provincial territorial health. Care priorities . The CHT replaced the CHST

Question 25

CST Canada social transfer

Answer 25

A federal block transfer payment made to each Canadian province and territory to assist them in paying for education social assistance and social services. The cat comprises both a cash trader and a tax transfer that are allocated on a per capita basis to equalize support provided to provinces and territories independent of population size . The CST replaced the CHST

Question 26

Demogrants

Answer 26

Theses are universal flat rate payments made to individuals or households solely on the basis of demographic characteristics , such as number of children or age rather than on the basis of proven need as in the case of minimum income programs or as in contributions in the case of social insurance

Question 27

Economic globalization

Answer 27

The growing integration and expansion of global markets for goods services and finances . Economic globalization is the latest stage in the development of advanced capitalist economIes and includes free trade and investment international trade expansion and the development of powerful transnational corporations. Because of a lack of restraining national legislation economic globalization enables. Multinational corporations to pursue their agendas of successful markets and inexpensive labour

Question 28

Feeding programs

Answer 28

Programs that provide meals to individuals In many contexts some programs are designed for homeless people living in shelters others are for working people and families who cannot annoy make ends meet . Schools

Question 29

Food banks

Answer 29

Programs and centres that provide groceries to individuals and families that cannot make ends meet. Often , clients are permitted only one visit to a good bank per month, and depending on supplies , may receive only a few days worth of food . Food banks are non profit , often run by charities or churches which collect donations through public drives and corporate giving and through arrangements with grocery suppliers

Question 30

Global social welfare

Answer 30

In this era of globalization , the traditional concerns of social welfare practitioners in addressing the immediate needs of their clients are broadened to include a concern for global human rights . Global social welfare refers to concern for justice social regulation , social provision , and redistribution between nations .

Question 31

Ideologies

Answer 31

Sets of ideas organized around beliefs about human nature is like the role of government and possibilities of change that informs actions and thinking especially in political , social and economic matters

Question 32

Income supplementation

Answer 32

Programs that supplement income that is obtained elsewhere whether through paid employment or through other income security programs . These programs are not intended to be the primary source of income . Family allowance which was also a universal demogrant and the national child benefit are samples of income supplementation programs

Question 33

Keynesian

Answer 33

Advocates of an economic theory , named after British economist john Maynard Keynes , which holds that economic social spending helps economic recovery , enhances productivity , and keeps the labour market flexible . Also called demand-side economics - If people are employed, they will spend money , the demand for products will increase , and the economy will improve .

Question 34

Low income cut offs

Answer 34

Level at which individuals and families are considered to be living in poverty ; level changes based on region and family size and determined by statistics Canada . Those who spend more than 55 percent of their earnings on a six needs are living under the LICO . Although not an official poverty line, many analyses , including the United Nations, treat it as such .

Question 35

Low income measures

Answer 35

A relative measure of poverty that measures low-income rates as one -half of the median income of a particular country . The LIM is often used around the world to compare International rates of child poverty and is calculated based on information obtained by states Canada

Question 36

Minimum income

Answer 36

The provision of monetary assistance to those with no other sources of income ; primarily geared towards those deemed to living I. Poverty , and the quantity of assistance tends to be determined by the minimum amount necessary to meet basic needs . Social assistance is a minimum income program

Question 37

Monetarists

Answer 37

Advocates of a comic theory that asserts that governments should keep inflation in check by controlling the supply of money through interest rates . Generally monetarists argue that social spending stimulates inflation, undermines labour market flexibility and productivity and distorts the work - leisure trade- off

Question 38

Selective programs

Answer 38

Target benefits aimed at those determined to be in need or eligible based on a means test ( sometimes called an income test ) or a needs test

Question 39

Social insurance

Answer 39

A type of income security program In which participants make regular payments into a fund from which they receive benefits if the risk covered by the insurance occurs . These programs follow the insurance principle of shared risk. Many co tribute with the understanding that not all will necessarily need to access the benefits of the program

Question 40

Social union framework agreement (sufa)

Answer 40

The social union agreement of 1999 between the government of Canada and the provinces and territories is the umbrella under which governments concentrate their efforts to renew and modernize Canadian social policy . So far , several social welfare initiatives have been established under the framework : the National child benefit the MRI also children’s agenda childcare and services for persons with disabilities

Question 41

Universal programs

Answer 41

Social welfare programs that are equally available to all citizens within a specific category such as age or disability , regardless of need or financial situation

Question 42

Workfare

Answer 42

Programs that require social assistance beneficiaries to work for a specific minimum number of work units measured in hours or output in a job that is designated or approved by the welfare authority

Question 43

Casework

Answer 43

Refers to using systematic methods of investigation , assessment , and decision making in social work practice

Question 44

Charity organization society

Answer 44

Social welfare agencies established In the latter part of the 1800s that uses a scientific charity approach to studying the needs of individuals and families . It differentiates between the deserving and undeserving poor , believing that indiscriminate material relief would cause pauperism

Question 45

Deserving poor

Answer 45

This refers to those who are deemed to be deserving of relief . This is a concept that historically underpinned charity relief and continue to influence income security provision today

Question 46

Diagnostic approach

Answer 46

An emphasis on understanding the condition of the individual by reference to casual events in his or her early life . This approach requires a skilled worker who can diagnose the problem and establish and carry out a plan for treatment and was prevalent during the post WWII period .

Question 47

Freudian thought

Answer 47

A body of thought based on the theories of sigmund Freud , father of psychology , which consider a lessons psychological make up as the source of his or her problems . Freudian thought played and Increasingly important role in social work in the 1920s

Question 48

Great Depression

Answer 48

A world wide economic downturn that organized in the United States with the stock market crash of oct 29, 1929 known as Black Tuesday the Great Depression lasted until the 1930s or early 1949s and the onset of the Second World War

Question 49

Poor relief

Answer 49

Assistance to the deserving poor dictated by early English poor law. Local parishes provided relief to those who are elderly , ill or disabled . Parishes were administrative districts organized by the Church of England . Each had a local council that was responsible for poor relief

Question 50

Private charities

Answer 50

Organizations that developed during the pew industrial phase of social work , which includes the period from the formation of Canada up the 1890s private charities offered material relief and lessons in moral ethics . Many were explicitly associated with religious organizations and it was religiously motivated Individuals working through these organizations who became the early social workers

Question 51

Scientific philanthropy

Answer 51

An historical approach that contributed to the rise o social work with the idea that charities should become organized I order to deal more systematically with the problem of poverty . It emerged from ideals of social reform and social progress , which are increasingly influenced by scientific methods and approaches and employed a medical diagnosis /treatment model of social works

Question 52

Settlement house movement

Answer 52

A movement that began in the late 1800s In which the middle and upper classes lived with the poor and advocated for better social and working consisting . The purpose was to bring the educated middle class and even the charitable upper class to live

Question 53

Social gospel movement

Answer 53

Movement directed towards a more socially oriented church among the Anglican Methodist Presbyterian and Congregationalist churches that began in the 1880s . It advocated for improved living and working conditions and basic social justice

Question 54

Social survey research

Answer 54

And early method of research uses during the late nineteenth century to highlight the extent of poverty and inequality in Canadian cities . Early studies by social researches and reformer such as j.j kelsi i. Toronto and j.s woods worth In Winnipeg contributes to an understanding of overtly and what to do about it . Royal commissions also co tributes to increase awareness and a growing integrate in social service and social work

Question 55

Understanding Poor

Answer 55

Poor people were considered undeserving if they perceived as being capable of working undeserving poor were considered to lack good moral character . This historical conception ignored the idea that a person may be temporarily disadvantaged through no fault of their own . While part of the early poor laws, the public conception of undeserving poor still informs income security today .

Question 56

Collective rights

Answer 56

Rights ensuring equitable participation by everyone in a society I. The production and distribution of wealth and resources ; set forth In articles 22-27 of the universal declaration of human rights

Question 57

Cultural competence

Answer 57

The ability to acknowledge different perceptions and experiences and incorporate these into practice applications . In other words , the worker must take this knowledge of the other culture and combine it with analysis of how his or her own culture affects social work interventions

Question 58

Digital divide

Answer 58

A divide between have and have not populations based on a lack of access to computers , the internet , and advance communications technology

Question 59

Electronic advocacy see online advocacy

Answer 59

The process of using communication and information technologies to disseminate information and mobilize support from a large constituency to help influence decision -making processes

Question 60

Foreign affairs trade and development Canada

Answer 60

Department of the federal government that plans , overseas , and evaluates funding provided to support development in other countries

Question 61

Functional approach

Answer 61

An approach to social work practice developed following the World War II which holds that Individuals have the potential to determine their own direction . Based on functional theory

Question 62

Human development index HDI

Answer 62

The indicator of human development used by the United Nations Development Programme In the Development Report HDR . This index involves other dimensions besides income in measuring human well being , emphasizing that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country

Question 63

Human development report HDR

Answer 63

An independent report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme that assesses the level of long term well being of people by Nations specifically those in the developing world

Question 64

Human rights

Answer 64

Those rights that are inherent In our nation and without which we cannot live as human beings ; based on the recognition of individual political , civil , and collective cultural , social , and Economic rights .

Question 65

Intersectionality

Answer 65

Analysis based on the experience of disenfranchised groups as a result of the working of multiple systems of oppression

Question 66

Negative rights

Answer 66

Civil and political rights that ensure the Protection of basic human rights as set forth in Articles 2-21 of the universal declaration of human rights

Question 67

New world order model

Answer 67

This approach to international social work argues that the present world order is not democratic , but controlled by a relatively small number of wealthy countries that manipulate the international system to their own advantage . Those who practice with this approach in mind are oriented more towards a fundamental rebuilding of the global cultural , social , political , and economic structures

Question 68

North side divide

Answer 68

The separation of the economic world , broadly speaking , along north -south lines , with the counties of the mostly northern first world awash in relative affluence and those of the mostly Third World , in abject poverty

Question 69

Online advocacy see electronic advocacy

Answer 69

The process of using communication and information technologies to disseminate information and mobilize support from a large constituency to help influence decision -making processes

Question 70

Participatory action research PAR

Answer 70

A type of community work that involves members in a research process comprises of education , investigation , and action directed at changing the structures that promote inequality and the structure that produce knowledge that perpetuates the current power structures

Question 71

Positive rights

Answer 71

Economic , social , and cultural rights that ensure justice , freedom , and social participation , as set forth in Articles 22-27 of the universal declaration of human rights

Question 72

Social development model

Answer 72

In The international context , social workers who hold to this approach seek primarily to address the immediate causes of human degradation , powerlessness , and social inequality and to guide collective action towards the elimination of all forms of oppression ,injustice , and violence . They are concerned with the fuller participation of people at all levels of the political and economic systems of their humane, inclusive and participatory

Question 73

Social welfare model

Answer 73

In the international context , this more conventional social welfare model is based on the notion that basic social welfare services should be developed in all countries to meet basic human needs . Social workers following this model of international practice are mainly concerned with the satisfaction of basic social and material need of people (I.e minimal standards of living , access to at least basic health education , and other essential social services

Question 74

Sustainable development

Answer 74

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs , usually referring to environment sustainability , but also includes notions of human resources

Question 75

Sustainable social progress

Answer 75

The improvement of the quality of life of human beings over time for the purpose of supporting these further improvements well into the future D235

Question 76

Third world

Answer 76

The developing countries of central and South America , Africa , and Asia . Also referred to as the global south or the developing by world

Question 77

Collective rights

Answer 77

Rights ensuring equitable participation by everyone in a society in the production and distribution of wealth and resources ; set forth in articles 22-27 of the universal declaration of human rights

Question 78

Cultural competence

Answer 78

The ability to acknowledge different perceptions and experiences and incorporate these into practice applications . In other words , the worker must take this knowledge of the other culture and combine it with an analysis of how his or her own culture affects social work interventions

Question 79

Digital divide

Answer 79

A divide between have and have not populations based On a lack of access to computers the internet and scam ed communications technology

Question 80

Electronic advocacy see o line advocacy

Answer 80

The process of using communication and information technologies to disseminate Information and mobilize support from a large constituency to help influence decision -making processes

Question 81

Foreign affairs trade and development Canada

Answer 81

Department of the federal government that plans , overseas and evaluates funding provided to support development in other countries

Question 82

Functional approach

Answer 82

An approach to social work practice developed following World War II which holds that individuals have the potential to determine their own direction . Based on functional theory

Question 83

Human development index (HDI)

Answer 83

The indicator of human development used by the United Nations Development Programme in the human development report (HDR). This index involves other dime spins besides income in measuring human well being , emphasizing that prior and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for accessing the development of a country

Question 84

Human development report HDR

Answer 84

An independent report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme that assesses the level of long term well being of people by Nations specifically those In the developing world

Question 85

Human rights

Answer 85

Those rights that are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings ;based in the recognition of individual political , civil, and collective cultural , social and economic rights

Question 86

Intersectionality

Answer 86

Analysis based on the Experiences of disenfranchised groups as a result of the working of multiple systems of oppression

Question 87

Negative rights

Answer 87

Civil and political rights that ensure the protection of basic human rights as set forth in articles 2-21 of the universal declaration of human rights

Question 88

New world order

Answer 88

This approach to international social work argues that the present world order is not democratic , but controlled by a relatively small number of wealthy countries that manipulate the international system to their own advantage . Those who practice with this approach in mind are oriented more towards a fundamental rebuilding of the Global cultural social political and economic structures

Question 89

North side divide

Answer 89

The separation of the economic world , broadly speaking , along north -south lines, with the countries of the mostly first world awash in relative affluence and those of the mostly tori world , in abject poverty

Question 90

Online advocacy see electronic advocacy

Answer 90

The process of using communication and information technologies to disseminate information and mobilize support from a large constituency to help influence decision - making process

Question 91

Participatory action research (PAR)

Answer 91

A type of community that involves members In a research process comprises of education , investigation and action directed at changing the structures that promote inequality and the structures that produce knowledge that perpetuates the current power structures

Question 92

Positive rights

Answer 92

Economic, social , and cultural rights that ensure justice , freedom , and social participation , as set forth in Articles 22-27 of the universal declaration of human rights

Question 93

Social development model

Answer 93

In the international context , social workers who hold this approach seek primarily to address the immediate causes of human degradation , powerlessness , and social inequality and to guide collective action towards the elimination of all forms of oppression , injustice and violence . They are concerned with the fuller participation of people at all levels of the political and economic systems of their counties and with fostering social political and economic systems that are more humane ,inclusive and participatory.

Question 94

Social welfare model

Answer 94

In the international context , this more conventional social welfare model is based on the notion that basic social welfare services should be developed in all countries to meet basic human needs. Social workers following this model of international practice are mainly concerned with the satisfaction of basic social and material needs of people ( I.e. Minimal standards of living, access to at least basic health , education , and other essential social services ).

Question 95

Sustainable development

Answer 95

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs , usually referring to environment sustainability , but also includes notions of human resources

Question 96

Sustainable development

Answer 96

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs , usually referring to environmental sustainability , but also includes notions of human resources

Question 97

Sustainable social progress

Answer 97

The improvement of the quality of life of human beings over time for the purpose of supporting these further improvements well into the future .D235

Question 98

Third world

Answer 98

The developing countries of central and South America , Africa , and Asia . Also referred to as the global south of the developing world

Question 99

Anti oppressive practice

Answer 99

An approach to practice which argues that a persons environment shapes his or her individual experience and can be the source of significant problems . The goal of anti oppressive practice is to acknowledge the existence of oppressions I. All forms and complex nature of our identities. This knowledge can be used to overcome oppressive relationships at the individual and institutional or societal level , and broadly contribute to social Justice .

Question 100

Client or person centuries perspective

Answer 100

An approach based on the idea that clients are the Experts of their problems clients are views as wholes and not simply in terms of their diagnosis

Question 101

Cognitive behavioural approaches

Answer 101

Approaches which proves practitioners with more practical , time limited approaches with clear practice guidelines these approaches are used to modify behaviours by changing the way we understand the world

Question 102

Cognitive behaviour therapy

Answer 102

A short term approach that views behaviours as learned and shapes by our interpretations of the world ( our cognitions ) when flawed or inaccurate , these interpretations can lead to irrational or maladaptive behaviours . Therapists using this approach work with clients to understand the thought patterns that bring about certain behaviours , as well as what sustains these patterns

Question 103

Critical social work

Answer 103

An approach to social work that focuses on the impact of wider social structures on personal problems ; critical social work practice must contribute to a transformation of everyday life

Question 104

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Answer 104

Also known as the DSM this guide published by the American psychiatric association lists all mental health disorders for both children and adults as well as known causes of these disorders for both children and adults as well as known causes of these disorders statistics related o gender ,age, and prognosis and research pertinent to treatment options

Question 105

Dialectical approach

Answer 105

An approach to practice that involves synthesis or combination of opposing assertions within theories taking a. Balanced or middle road

Question 106

Electric approach

Answer 106

An approach to practice that involves the selection of concepts and methods as deemed appropriate, but does not attempt to unify or integrative the pieces

Question 107

Empowerment

Answer 107

The sense that people can create and take action on their own behalf to meet their physical , spiritual and psychological needs ; usually applied to act of empowering marginalized groups , but can also be an issue in direct practice with individuals . Also a strategy used to address the power imbalance between. Worker and client

Question 108

Existential therapies

Answer 108

Therapies based on the nineteenth-century philosophy of existentialism or the search for meaning in life , which employ the notion that we human beings must create meaning and purpose in our lives to guide our existence

Question 109

Feminist theory

Answer 109

There are different definitions of feminism and numerous formulations and debates in feminist theory . There is , however a common core theory asserting that sex-roles stereotypes and social structures perpetuate women’s subordination

Question 110

Feminist social work practice

Answer 110

Practice which assumes that since social categories (like gender ) shape the way we understand and interact with others , particular approaches need to be developed to address the unique needs of women . This approach to practice seeks to understand a clients situation by acquiring knowledge of the clients history , family role of patriarchal relations within the family and within wider society

Question 111

Functional theory

Answer 111

Based on personality psychology , functional theory seeks to enhance social functioning individuals , families, groups and communities by diagnosis from the problem and using ones personal power to effect change in a structured way .

Question 112

Gestalt therapy

Answer 112

An existentialist to social work privatize which argues that a unified whole is more significant than the sums of its parts and often focuses on relationships . Gestalt was dirt used as a concept in psychology to understand the mind as a whole entity, not just the sum of its individual parts

Question 113

Individual -level theories

Answer 113

Varied and complex theories that focus on individuals and their interactions . This body of theory concentrates on aspects such as interactions between people or the effect of negative attitudes on people ; in contrast to structural level theories

Question 114

Mindfulness based interventions

Answer 114

Mindfulness is a way of paying attention on purpose to the present moment in a non judgmental way . It can be cultivated using various exercises and with meditation

Question 115

Narrative therapy

Answer 115

Therapy that uses the power of storytelling to make sense of experiences and problems . Proponents of this therapy believe the way people tell stories reveals how they understand the world and their relationships within it and provides insights into their values morals and beliefs

Question 116

Psychodynamic perspectives

Answer 116

Based on the work of signings Freud these are diagnostic approaches to social work that focus on internal sources for Individuals problems

Question 117

Rational emotive psychotherapy

Answer 117

The earliest form of cognitive behaviour approach to social work practice in which personal problems are understood to be the result of irrational patterns of Thinking and the dysfunctional behaviours that happen as a result . The goal of the therapist is to help a client to see that the negative emotions experienced are due to a glowed perception of reality

Question 118

Social system theory

Answer 118

Theory which places the individual within a series of interdependent systems this theory is also sometimes referred to as the ecological systems theory , base in the scientific concept of the biological ecosystem where every organism is affected by and influences the others within the system

Question 119

Social work theory

Answer 119

An organized way of thinking about the world that guides the way we carry our social work Practice

Question 120

Strengths based perspective

Answer 120

Individual level approach that focuses on personal strengths and assets rather than identifying and solving problems ; recognizes that each person has unique strengths and abilities and the capacity for growth and change

Question 121

Structural level theories

Answer 121

Theories that emphasize social structures processes and systems and how they shape people’s experiences ; in contrast to individual level theories

Question 122

Task centered model

Answer 122

A short term therapy with a measurable outcome and proven effectiveness that is based on the assumptions that people experiencing particular problems typically have the resources and motivation to resolve them