Part One Section 1 Social Welfare And Social Work In Canda Flashcards
Allied professions
Related or connected devices in areas of human services in health , educational, and community settings
Caseworker
Traditional notion of the social worker with the sole function of applying the practice of caseworker
Direct social work
Involves working directly with people as individuals , in families or households and communities in a direct face to face way (eg in a counselling role )
Human services
Meets human needs through problem remediation using interdisciplinary approaches
Income security
Income support In the form of demogrants, social insurance , social assistance , and income supplementation that can be unconditional or based on an income or needs tests; it can be provided through the tax system .
Indirect social worker
Social work benefit to those In need but with organizations that advocate, research , plan , and implement social service and income security programs . Most often those who do indirect social work will be working with government , social service agencies , or advocacy or research groups and organizations whose purpose is to advocate for and with the people in need
Institutional view
The view of social welfare calls for a publicly funded and organized system of programs and institutions because the market will not and cannot meet the needs and aspirations of all people the optimal distribution of welfare can only be achieved by such an organized system
Person in the environment
An approach that goes beyond internal or psychological factors to examine the relationship between individuals and their environment . That is partly what distinguishes social work practice from other helping professions . The environment in question extends beyond the immediate family and includes interactions with friends neighbours schools religious groups laws and legislation other agencies or organizations places of employment and the economic system
Private welfare
Social welfare programs funded by voluntary charitable contributions or individuals and private organizations by fees people pay for the service they receive or which are provided by funds spent by corporations to provide social welfare services for their employees
Problem solving process
Identifies a problem identifies possible options evaluates options followed by implementation and evaluation
Public welfare
Supply of resources from public sources
Public welfare
The provision of welfare services at the three levels of government: the federal or national government the provincial government the provincial and territorial governments and the regional and municipal governments
Residual view
The view of social welfare asserts that government should pay only a limited role in the distribution of social welfare. The state should step in only when normal sources of support fail and the individual is unable to help himself . This is in contrast to the institutional view
Social change and social justice mandate
Calls for social worker to work in solidarity with those who are disadvantaged or excluded from society so as to Eliminate the barriers inequities and injustice that exist in society
Social policies
The rules and regulations laws and other administrative directives that set the framework for date and social welfare activity
Social programs
The specific initiatives that implement social policy . A social program outlines the funds I be spent and the purposes for which they will be spent
Social safety net
The network of laws polices and programs currently in place around the country through which the Canadian state creates opportunities for individuals experiencing difficulties in their lives and helps them get back on their feet . In countries where the social safety net is weak or non existent there is little or no protection of this kind and individuals are often left to fend for themselves
Social services
Non monetary personal or community services such as daycare housing crisis intervention and support groups provided by the state and non profit organizations for community members
Social welfare
Including both social services and income security social welfare refers to the way people communities and institutions in a society take action to provide certain minimum standards and opportunities and to help people face contingencies
Social well being
The meeting of basic human need for food shelter health and education under conditions or peace
Structural approach
An approach to practice that focuses on the impact of wider social structures on personal problems and involves critical analysis of socio-economic structures that oppress and exploit people , whether based on class , race, age, gender, ability or sexuality
Welfare state
A system whereby the state ostensibly undertakes to protect the health and well being of its citizens especially those in financial need
Canada assistance plan
A compulsory contribution plan initiated in 1966 established cost - sharing principles for the provision of assistance and welfare to persons In need
Canada health transfer
A general block transfer payment that is made to each province and territory in order to assist in paying for health care. The CHY comprises both cash transfer and a tax transfer that are allocated on a per capita basis in order to equalize support provided to provinces and territories independent of population size. It is the responsibility of the provinces and territories to allocate this health care funding to their provincial territorial health. Care priorities . The CHT replaced the CHST
CST Canada social transfer
A federal block transfer payment made to each Canadian province and territory to assist them in paying for education social assistance and social services. The cat comprises both a cash trader and a tax transfer that are allocated on a per capita basis to equalize support provided to provinces and territories independent of population size . The CST replaced the CHST
Demogrants
Theses are universal flat rate payments made to individuals or households solely on the basis of demographic characteristics , such as number of children or age rather than on the basis of proven need as in the case of minimum income programs or as in contributions in the case of social insurance
Economic globalization
The growing integration and expansion of global markets for goods services and finances . Economic globalization is the latest stage in the development of advanced capitalist economIes and includes free trade and investment international trade expansion and the development of powerful transnational corporations. Because of a lack of restraining national legislation economic globalization enables. Multinational corporations to pursue their agendas of successful markets and inexpensive labour
Feeding programs
Programs that provide meals to individuals In many contexts some programs are designed for homeless people living in shelters others are for working people and families who cannot annoy make ends meet . Schools
Food banks
Programs and centres that provide groceries to individuals and families that cannot make ends meet. Often , clients are permitted only one visit to a good bank per month, and depending on supplies , may receive only a few days worth of food . Food banks are non profit , often run by charities or churches which collect donations through public drives and corporate giving and through arrangements with grocery suppliers
Global social welfare
In this era of globalization , the traditional concerns of social welfare practitioners in addressing the immediate needs of their clients are broadened to include a concern for global human rights . Global social welfare refers to concern for justice social regulation , social provision , and redistribution between nations .
Ideologies
Sets of ideas organized around beliefs about human nature is like the role of government and possibilities of change that informs actions and thinking especially in political , social and economic matters
Income supplementation
Programs that supplement income that is obtained elsewhere whether through paid employment or through other income security programs . These programs are not intended to be the primary source of income . Family allowance which was also a universal demogrant and the national child benefit are samples of income supplementation programs
Keynesian
Advocates of an economic theory , named after British economist john Maynard Keynes , which holds that economic social spending helps economic recovery , enhances productivity , and keeps the labour market flexible . Also called demand-side economics - If people are employed, they will spend money , the demand for products will increase , and the economy will improve .
Low income cut offs
Level at which individuals and families are considered to be living in poverty ; level changes based on region and family size and determined by statistics Canada . Those who spend more than 55 percent of their earnings on a six needs are living under the LICO . Although not an official poverty line, many analyses , including the United Nations, treat it as such .
Low income measures
A relative measure of poverty that measures low-income rates as one -half of the median income of a particular country . The LIM is often used around the world to compare International rates of child poverty and is calculated based on information obtained by states Canada
Minimum income
The provision of monetary assistance to those with no other sources of income ; primarily geared towards those deemed to living I. Poverty , and the quantity of assistance tends to be determined by the minimum amount necessary to meet basic needs . Social assistance is a minimum income program
Monetarists
Advocates of a comic theory that asserts that governments should keep inflation in check by controlling the supply of money through interest rates . Generally monetarists argue that social spending stimulates inflation, undermines labour market flexibility and productivity and distorts the work - leisure trade- off
Selective programs
Target benefits aimed at those determined to be in need or eligible based on a means test ( sometimes called an income test ) or a needs test
Social insurance
A type of income security program In which participants make regular payments into a fund from which they receive benefits if the risk covered by the insurance occurs . These programs follow the insurance principle of shared risk. Many co tribute with the understanding that not all will necessarily need to access the benefits of the program
Social union framework agreement (sufa)
The social union agreement of 1999 between the government of Canada and the provinces and territories is the umbrella under which governments concentrate their efforts to renew and modernize Canadian social policy . So far , several social welfare initiatives have been established under the framework : the National child benefit the MRI also children’s agenda childcare and services for persons with disabilities
Universal programs
Social welfare programs that are equally available to all citizens within a specific category such as age or disability , regardless of need or financial situation
Workfare
Programs that require social assistance beneficiaries to work for a specific minimum number of work units measured in hours or output in a job that is designated or approved by the welfare authority
Casework
Refers to using systematic methods of investigation , assessment , and decision making in social work practice
Charity organization society
Social welfare agencies established In the latter part of the 1800s that uses a scientific charity approach to studying the needs of individuals and families . It differentiates between the deserving and undeserving poor , believing that indiscriminate material relief would cause pauperism
Deserving poor
This refers to those who are deemed to be deserving of relief . This is a concept that historically underpinned charity relief and continue to influence income security provision today
Diagnostic approach
An emphasis on understanding the condition of the individual by reference to casual events in his or her early life . This approach requires a skilled worker who can diagnose the problem and establish and carry out a plan for treatment and was prevalent during the post WWII period .
Freudian thought
A body of thought based on the theories of sigmund Freud , father of psychology , which consider a lessons psychological make up as the source of his or her problems . Freudian thought played and Increasingly important role in social work in the 1920s
Great Depression
A world wide economic downturn that organized in the United States with the stock market crash of oct 29, 1929 known as Black Tuesday the Great Depression lasted until the 1930s or early 1949s and the onset of the Second World War
Poor relief
Assistance to the deserving poor dictated by early English poor law. Local parishes provided relief to those who are elderly , ill or disabled . Parishes were administrative districts organized by the Church of England . Each had a local council that was responsible for poor relief
Private charities
Organizations that developed during the pew industrial phase of social work , which includes the period from the formation of Canada up the 1890s private charities offered material relief and lessons in moral ethics . Many were explicitly associated with religious organizations and it was religiously motivated Individuals working through these organizations who became the early social workers
Scientific philanthropy
An historical approach that contributed to the rise o social work with the idea that charities should become organized I order to deal more systematically with the problem of poverty . It emerged from ideals of social reform and social progress , which are increasingly influenced by scientific methods and approaches and employed a medical diagnosis /treatment model of social works
Settlement house movement
A movement that began in the late 1800s In which the middle and upper classes lived with the poor and advocated for better social and working consisting . The purpose was to bring the educated middle class and even the charitable upper class to live
Social gospel movement
Movement directed towards a more socially oriented church among the Anglican Methodist Presbyterian and Congregationalist churches that began in the 1880s . It advocated for improved living and working conditions and basic social justice
Social survey research
And early method of research uses during the late nineteenth century to highlight the extent of poverty and inequality in Canadian cities . Early studies by social researches and reformer such as j.j kelsi i. Toronto and j.s woods worth In Winnipeg contributes to an understanding of overtly and what to do about it . Royal commissions also co tributes to increase awareness and a growing integrate in social service and social work
Understanding Poor
Poor people were considered undeserving if they perceived as being capable of working undeserving poor were considered to lack good moral character . This historical conception ignored the idea that a person may be temporarily disadvantaged through no fault of their own . While part of the early poor laws, the public conception of undeserving poor still informs income security today .
Collective rights
Rights ensuring equitable participation by everyone in a society I. The production and distribution of wealth and resources ; set forth In articles 22-27 of the universal declaration of human rights
Cultural competence
The ability to acknowledge different perceptions and experiences and incorporate these into practice applications . In other words , the worker must take this knowledge of the other culture and combine it with analysis of how his or her own culture affects social work interventions
Digital divide
A divide between have and have not populations based on a lack of access to computers , the internet , and advance communications technology
Electronic advocacy see online advocacy
The process of using communication and information technologies to disseminate information and mobilize support from a large constituency to help influence decision -making processes
Foreign affairs trade and development Canada
Department of the federal government that plans , overseas , and evaluates funding provided to support development in other countries
Functional approach
An approach to social work practice developed following the World War II which holds that Individuals have the potential to determine their own direction . Based on functional theory
Human development index HDI
The indicator of human development used by the United Nations Development Programme In the Development Report HDR . This index involves other dimensions besides income in measuring human well being , emphasizing that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country
Human development report HDR
An independent report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme that assesses the level of long term well being of people by Nations specifically those in the developing world
Human rights
Those rights that are inherent In our nation and without which we cannot live as human beings ; based on the recognition of individual political , civil , and collective cultural , social , and Economic rights .
Intersectionality
Analysis based on the experience of disenfranchised groups as a result of the working of multiple systems of oppression
Negative rights
Civil and political rights that ensure the Protection of basic human rights as set forth in Articles 2-21 of the universal declaration of human rights
New world order model
This approach to international social work argues that the present world order is not democratic , but controlled by a relatively small number of wealthy countries that manipulate the international system to their own advantage . Those who practice with this approach in mind are oriented more towards a fundamental rebuilding of the global cultural , social , political , and economic structures
North side divide
The separation of the economic world , broadly speaking , along north -south lines , with the counties of the mostly northern first world awash in relative affluence and those of the mostly Third World , in abject poverty
Online advocacy see electronic advocacy
The process of using communication and information technologies to disseminate information and mobilize support from a large constituency to help influence decision -making processes
Participatory action research PAR
A type of community work that involves members in a research process comprises of education , investigation , and action directed at changing the structures that promote inequality and the structure that produce knowledge that perpetuates the current power structures
Positive rights
Economic , social , and cultural rights that ensure justice , freedom , and social participation , as set forth in Articles 22-27 of the universal declaration of human rights
Social development model
In The international context , social workers who hold to this approach seek primarily to address the immediate causes of human degradation , powerlessness , and social inequality and to guide collective action towards the elimination of all forms of oppression ,injustice , and violence . They are concerned with the fuller participation of people at all levels of the political and economic systems of their humane, inclusive and participatory
Social welfare model
In the international context , this more conventional social welfare model is based on the notion that basic social welfare services should be developed in all countries to meet basic human needs . Social workers following this model of international practice are mainly concerned with the satisfaction of basic social and material need of people (I.e minimal standards of living , access to at least basic health education , and other essential social services
Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs , usually referring to environment sustainability , but also includes notions of human resources
Sustainable social progress
The improvement of the quality of life of human beings over time for the purpose of supporting these further improvements well into the future D235
Third world
The developing countries of central and South America , Africa , and Asia . Also referred to as the global south or the developing by world
Collective rights
Rights ensuring equitable participation by everyone in a society in the production and distribution of wealth and resources ; set forth in articles 22-27 of the universal declaration of human rights
Cultural competence
The ability to acknowledge different perceptions and experiences and incorporate these into practice applications . In other words , the worker must take this knowledge of the other culture and combine it with an analysis of how his or her own culture affects social work interventions
Digital divide
A divide between have and have not populations based On a lack of access to computers the internet and scam ed communications technology
Electronic advocacy see o line advocacy
The process of using communication and information technologies to disseminate Information and mobilize support from a large constituency to help influence decision -making processes
Foreign affairs trade and development Canada
Department of the federal government that plans , overseas and evaluates funding provided to support development in other countries
Functional approach
An approach to social work practice developed following World War II which holds that individuals have the potential to determine their own direction . Based on functional theory
Human development index (HDI)
The indicator of human development used by the United Nations Development Programme in the human development report (HDR). This index involves other dime spins besides income in measuring human well being , emphasizing that prior and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for accessing the development of a country
Human development report HDR
An independent report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme that assesses the level of long term well being of people by Nations specifically those In the developing world
Human rights
Those rights that are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings ;based in the recognition of individual political , civil, and collective cultural , social and economic rights
Intersectionality
Analysis based on the Experiences of disenfranchised groups as a result of the working of multiple systems of oppression
Negative rights
Civil and political rights that ensure the protection of basic human rights as set forth in articles 2-21 of the universal declaration of human rights
New world order
This approach to international social work argues that the present world order is not democratic , but controlled by a relatively small number of wealthy countries that manipulate the international system to their own advantage . Those who practice with this approach in mind are oriented more towards a fundamental rebuilding of the Global cultural social political and economic structures
North side divide
The separation of the economic world , broadly speaking , along north -south lines, with the countries of the mostly first world awash in relative affluence and those of the mostly tori world , in abject poverty
Online advocacy see electronic advocacy
The process of using communication and information technologies to disseminate information and mobilize support from a large constituency to help influence decision - making process
Participatory action research (PAR)
A type of community that involves members In a research process comprises of education , investigation and action directed at changing the structures that promote inequality and the structures that produce knowledge that perpetuates the current power structures
Positive rights
Economic, social , and cultural rights that ensure justice , freedom , and social participation , as set forth in Articles 22-27 of the universal declaration of human rights
Social development model
In the international context , social workers who hold this approach seek primarily to address the immediate causes of human degradation , powerlessness , and social inequality and to guide collective action towards the elimination of all forms of oppression , injustice and violence . They are concerned with the fuller participation of people at all levels of the political and economic systems of their counties and with fostering social political and economic systems that are more humane ,inclusive and participatory.
Social welfare model
In the international context , this more conventional social welfare model is based on the notion that basic social welfare services should be developed in all countries to meet basic human needs. Social workers following this model of international practice are mainly concerned with the satisfaction of basic social and material needs of people ( I.e. Minimal standards of living, access to at least basic health , education , and other essential social services ).
Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs , usually referring to environment sustainability , but also includes notions of human resources
Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs , usually referring to environmental sustainability , but also includes notions of human resources
Sustainable social progress
The improvement of the quality of life of human beings over time for the purpose of supporting these further improvements well into the future .D235
Third world
The developing countries of central and South America , Africa , and Asia . Also referred to as the global south of the developing world
Anti oppressive practice
An approach to practice which argues that a persons environment shapes his or her individual experience and can be the source of significant problems . The goal of anti oppressive practice is to acknowledge the existence of oppressions I. All forms and complex nature of our identities. This knowledge can be used to overcome oppressive relationships at the individual and institutional or societal level , and broadly contribute to social Justice .
Client or person centuries perspective
An approach based on the idea that clients are the Experts of their problems clients are views as wholes and not simply in terms of their diagnosis
Cognitive behavioural approaches
Approaches which proves practitioners with more practical , time limited approaches with clear practice guidelines these approaches are used to modify behaviours by changing the way we understand the world
Cognitive behaviour therapy
A short term approach that views behaviours as learned and shapes by our interpretations of the world ( our cognitions ) when flawed or inaccurate , these interpretations can lead to irrational or maladaptive behaviours . Therapists using this approach work with clients to understand the thought patterns that bring about certain behaviours , as well as what sustains these patterns
Critical social work
An approach to social work that focuses on the impact of wider social structures on personal problems ; critical social work practice must contribute to a transformation of everyday life
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Also known as the DSM this guide published by the American psychiatric association lists all mental health disorders for both children and adults as well as known causes of these disorders for both children and adults as well as known causes of these disorders statistics related o gender ,age, and prognosis and research pertinent to treatment options
Dialectical approach
An approach to practice that involves synthesis or combination of opposing assertions within theories taking a. Balanced or middle road
Electric approach
An approach to practice that involves the selection of concepts and methods as deemed appropriate, but does not attempt to unify or integrative the pieces
Empowerment
The sense that people can create and take action on their own behalf to meet their physical , spiritual and psychological needs ; usually applied to act of empowering marginalized groups , but can also be an issue in direct practice with individuals . Also a strategy used to address the power imbalance between. Worker and client
Existential therapies
Therapies based on the nineteenth-century philosophy of existentialism or the search for meaning in life , which employ the notion that we human beings must create meaning and purpose in our lives to guide our existence
Feminist theory
There are different definitions of feminism and numerous formulations and debates in feminist theory . There is , however a common core theory asserting that sex-roles stereotypes and social structures perpetuate women’s subordination
Feminist social work practice
Practice which assumes that since social categories (like gender ) shape the way we understand and interact with others , particular approaches need to be developed to address the unique needs of women . This approach to practice seeks to understand a clients situation by acquiring knowledge of the clients history , family role of patriarchal relations within the family and within wider society
Functional theory
Based on personality psychology , functional theory seeks to enhance social functioning individuals , families, groups and communities by diagnosis from the problem and using ones personal power to effect change in a structured way .
Gestalt therapy
An existentialist to social work privatize which argues that a unified whole is more significant than the sums of its parts and often focuses on relationships . Gestalt was dirt used as a concept in psychology to understand the mind as a whole entity, not just the sum of its individual parts
Individual -level theories
Varied and complex theories that focus on individuals and their interactions . This body of theory concentrates on aspects such as interactions between people or the effect of negative attitudes on people ; in contrast to structural level theories
Mindfulness based interventions
Mindfulness is a way of paying attention on purpose to the present moment in a non judgmental way . It can be cultivated using various exercises and with meditation
Narrative therapy
Therapy that uses the power of storytelling to make sense of experiences and problems . Proponents of this therapy believe the way people tell stories reveals how they understand the world and their relationships within it and provides insights into their values morals and beliefs
Psychodynamic perspectives
Based on the work of signings Freud these are diagnostic approaches to social work that focus on internal sources for Individuals problems
Rational emotive psychotherapy
The earliest form of cognitive behaviour approach to social work practice in which personal problems are understood to be the result of irrational patterns of Thinking and the dysfunctional behaviours that happen as a result . The goal of the therapist is to help a client to see that the negative emotions experienced are due to a glowed perception of reality
Social system theory
Theory which places the individual within a series of interdependent systems this theory is also sometimes referred to as the ecological systems theory , base in the scientific concept of the biological ecosystem where every organism is affected by and influences the others within the system
Social work theory
An organized way of thinking about the world that guides the way we carry our social work Practice
Strengths based perspective
Individual level approach that focuses on personal strengths and assets rather than identifying and solving problems ; recognizes that each person has unique strengths and abilities and the capacity for growth and change
Structural level theories
Theories that emphasize social structures processes and systems and how they shape people’s experiences ; in contrast to individual level theories
Task centered model
A short term therapy with a measurable outcome and proven effectiveness that is based on the assumptions that people experiencing particular problems typically have the resources and motivation to resolve them
