Part One: Introduction to Cells Flashcards
Describe the Cell Theory.
- All living organisms are made up of cells.
- New cells are created by the division of old cells
What is a unicellular cell?
Made up of just one cell.
What is a multicellular cell?
Made up of several to billions of cells (most plants and animals).
Do prokaryote cells have a nucleus?
NO
Do eukaryote cells have a nucleus?
YES
What is the name of the eukaryote cell surface?
Plasma Membrane
What is the role of ribosomes?
Make protein
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Sort and package proteins
What is the role of the mitochondria?
Produces the energy molecule known as ATP
What is the gel-like substance that surrounds all the organelles in the cell?
Cytosol
What are the main functions of the cell membranes?
- Separate the inside of a cell from the outside environment
- provide a surface for chemical reactions
- regulate the passage of material in/out of cell
- separate cells from one another
Define the structure of phospholipids.
Made up of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.
Phospholipids are “amphipathic” molecules, what does that mean?
They consist of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.
What are the characteristics of the “head” group?
-Polar, and hydrophilic (associates with water).
What are the characteristics of the “tail” group?
-Non-polar, and hydrophobic (repelled by water).
What is a vesicle?
A pocket made membrane that is separated from the cytoplasm of a cell
What is the main function of a vesicle?
Carry molecules in and out of the without crossing the membrane directly
Describe a plasma membrane.
A flexible barrier
What are the roles of the transmembrane proteins in a cell?
- transport proteins
- cell-cell recognition
- signal transduction
Describe what “Her2” is.
A receptor that sends a signal to the cell to divide.
Amplified in cancer cells) (Development of cancer
What are glycoproteins?
Make up most of the transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane
What is glycocalyx?
A glycoprotein ans glycolipid covering that surrounds the cells surface of some bacteria
What is the role of the glycocalyx?
Protect the cells surface (serves as a marker for a variety of cell-cell interactions.
The plasma membrane forms a barrier that blocks the…
free exchange of molecules between the cytoplasm and the external environment of the cell.
Define isotonic solutions.
Have the same osmolarity, or solute concentration as another solution.
Define hypotonic solution.
Have a LOWER osmotic pressure than another solution. (Less solute and more water than another solution).
Define hypertonic solution.
The extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm.
What is passive diffusion?
- The simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane.
- The net flow of molecules is always down their concentration
- No energy is needed
What is simple diffusion?
Basic way that molecules can move from one
