Part One: Introduction to Cells

Question 1

Describe the Cell Theory.

Answer 1

• All living organisms are made up of cells.

- New cells are created by the division of old cells

Question 2

What is a unicellular cell?

Answer 2

Made up of just one cell.

Question 3

What is a multicellular cell?

Answer 3

Made up of several to billions of cells (most plants and animals).

Question 4

Do prokaryote cells have a nucleus?

Answer 4

NO

Question 5

Do eukaryote cells have a nucleus?

Answer 5

YES

Question 6

What is the name of the eukaryote cell surface?

Answer 6

Plasma Membrane

Question 7

What is the role of ribosomes?

Answer 7

Make protein

Question 8

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

Sort and package proteins

Question 9

What is the role of the mitochondria?

Answer 9

Produces the energy molecule known as ATP

Question 10

What is the gel-like substance that surrounds all the organelles in the cell?

Answer 10

Cytosol

Question 11

What are the main functions of the cell membranes?

Answer 11

• Separate the inside of a cell from the outside environment
• provide a surface for chemical reactions
• regulate the passage of material in/out of cell
• separate cells from one another

Question 12

Define the structure of phospholipids.

Answer 12

Made up of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 13

Phospholipids are “amphipathic” molecules, what does that mean?

Answer 13

They consist of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.

Question 14

What are the characteristics of the “head” group?

Answer 14

-Polar, and hydrophilic (associates with water).

Question 15

What are the characteristics of the “tail” group?

Answer 15

-Non-polar, and hydrophobic (repelled by water).

Question 16

What is a vesicle?

Answer 16

A pocket made membrane that is separated from the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 17

What is the main function of a vesicle?

Answer 17

Carry molecules in and out of the without crossing the membrane directly

Question 18

Describe a plasma membrane.

Answer 18

A flexible barrier

Question 19

What are the roles of the transmembrane proteins in a cell?

Answer 19

• transport proteins
• cell-cell recognition
• signal transduction

Question 20

Describe what “Her2” is.

Answer 20

A receptor that sends a signal to the cell to divide.

Amplified in cancer cells) (Development of cancer

Question 21

What are glycoproteins?

Answer 21

Make up most of the transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane

Question 22

What is glycocalyx?

Answer 22

A glycoprotein ans glycolipid covering that surrounds the cells surface of some bacteria

Question 23

What is the role of the glycocalyx?

Answer 23

Protect the cells surface (serves as a marker for a variety of cell-cell interactions.

Question 24

The plasma membrane forms a barrier that blocks the…

Answer 24

free exchange of molecules between the cytoplasm and the external environment of the cell.

Question 25

Define isotonic solutions.

Answer 25

Have the same osmolarity, or solute concentration as another solution.

Question 26

Define hypotonic solution.

Answer 26

Have a LOWER osmotic pressure than another solution. (Less solute and more water than another solution).

Question 27

Define hypertonic solution.

Answer 27

The extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm.

Question 28

What is passive diffusion?

Answer 28

• The simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane.
• The net flow of molecules is always down their concentration
• No energy is needed

Question 29

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 29

Basic way that molecules can move from one