Part III (C.)

Question 0

Conscientious objection

Answer 0

Center on Conscience and War
“Conscientious Objection”
Non-combatant, war tax objector, selective, and nuclear pacifist
Women
Society of Friends (Quakers), Mennonites, the Church of the Brethren fled Europe- Vietnam War

Question 1

Pacifism

Answer 1

Leo Tolstoy and Albert Camus
“Letter to Ernest Crosby” “Neither Victims Nor Executioners”
Words are more powerful than munitions
International code whose Article No. 1 abolishes the death penalty

Question 2

Satyagraha

Answer 2

Gandhi (Gandhi Research Foundation)
Gandhi’s Philosophy
The action of nonviolence-all other means of peaceful resistance tried. Humans are basically morally just. Cause must be “indisputably just and truthful.” Used in South Africa to help Indians resist colonial government

Question 3

Ahimsa

Answer 3

Nonviolence

Acting with love/refusing to do harm

Question 4

Tapasya

Answer 4

Self-sacrifice
Willingness to bear harm/penalties
Accepting consequences, take them on yourself

Question 5

Satyagraha (#2)

Answer 5

Truth-force
“Clinging to the truth”
Each person owns a portion of the truth, by killing another person you lose access to that part.
Dilemma demonstrations-suppressor loses either way (salt march)

Question 6

Nonviolent action

Answer 6

Martin Luther King Jr.
“Letters from Birmingham”
Demonstrations, marches, boycotts,

Question 7

The 4 Steps in a Nonviolent Campaign

Answer 7

1. Collection of the facts: instances of police brutality, bombings, confirm inju.
2. Negotiation: Alab Ch Move 4 HR agree to halt dem if merchants 0 signs
   3: Self-pure: introspection, training, prep, no retaliating, role playing
   4: Direct action: bring the campaign’s voice to forfeit can’t be ignored, rallies

Question 8

Civilian Peacekeeping

Answer 8

Christine Schweitzer
Civilian Peacekeeping
Militarization of peacekeeping
Peace Brigade International (PBI)- nonpartisan accompaniment. Based on the presence of people, building relationships and local community. Decrease casualties. Mel Duncan. International Solidarity Movement in Palestine: supports one side, not impartial

Question 9

Monitoring

Answer 9

Bougainville conflict

Monitored to see that agreements are followed after a conflict.

Question 10

Protective accompaniment

Answer 10

PBI in Colombia

International volunteers travel with human rights workers to protect their lives.

Question 11

Interposition

Answer 11

Philippines- Ramos and Marcos

People placing themselves in between two groups.

Question 12

Strategic Nonviolence

Answer 12

Erica Chenoweth and Maria Stephan
Drop Your Weapons
Succeed: mass participation, produce regime defections, employ flexible tactics. Self-sufficient. Iran, Pahlavi was overthrown by workers that used work stoppages, boycotts, protests.