Part II Flashcards
(143 cards)
Types of prokaryotes
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Types of eukaryotes
protists (algae and protozoa), plants, animals, and fungi
What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes lack intracellular organelles.
Three common types of bacteria shapes
coccus, bacillus, spirillum
Prokaryotes relationship to SA
prokaryotes have some of the largest surface area to volume ratios of all organisms. Supply of nutrients is determined by surface area.
What are cyanobacteria?
True bacteria (eubacteria). Possess chlorophyll a. Chloroplasts in plants phytoplankton originate d cyanobacteria.
What important ecosystem process are cyanobacteria known for?
Nitrogen fixation.
Types of cyanobacteria morphology
unicellular, filaments, colonial
What are some of the specialized cells of cyanobacteria?
Akinete, heterocyst, and vegetative cells
What doe the akinete do?
accumulates reserves of proteins and is a granular intracellular structure, stores protein.
What is a heterocyst?
specialized cell in cyanobacteria that fixes nitrogen. It lacks light absorption and an oxygen producing photosystem.
How does the environment influence heterocyst formation?
When environmental nitrogen is low formation of heterocysts occurs. Nitrogen is passed from heterocyst to vegetative cells.
How do cyanobacteria reproduce?
generally asexually, but they can exchange DNA through transformation and transduction
What harmful event are cyanobacteria known for?
algal blooms which occur in lakes and some species produce neurotoxins and hepatotoxins.
How abundant are cyanobacteria?
Extremely, 0.2-400 million/mL in lakes. almost the same biomass as fish. They are responsible for a large fraction of the lake’s metabolism
What are protists?
Characterized by organelles. Comprised of protozoa (animal-like) and algae (plant-like). 60,000 named species. Single celled, sometimes for filaments or colonies.
Characterize protists
typically have flagella or cilia and are characterized by the lack of photosynthesis. ex. giardia, paramecium, amoeba.
How are algae and protist different?
Algae can photosynthesize
Taxonomic groups of algae.
Chrysophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta.
Chrysophyta ?
Contains both: Chrysophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. Both are single-celled and colonial forms. Yellow born pigments. Cells have silica plates, scales, or walls.
Chrysophyta Chrysophyceae?
Tend to do well in oligotrophic and cold lake. Colonial forms often lead to test and odor. ex. dinobryon, synura
Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae
Two forms: centric (radial) or pennate (bilateral). Uni-or colonial, found in littoral substrate. Preserve well due to silica. 40% of earth’s oxygen is produced by photo diatoms.
Pyrrhophyta?
Dinoflagellates, unicellular forms with two flagella. Marine species form red tides.
Cryptophyta?
Motile and unicellular always with two flagella. Good food source, red or brown pigmentation