part II Flashcards
match the following
a. Process of stopping blood loss b. Principle mechanism of hemostasis c. Mesh of protein filaments that traps bloods formed elements to form a red, gelatinious mass d. Threads that holds the blood cells together and they seal the wound to prevent loss of blood
Blood clot
Hemostasis
Fibrin threads
Blood coagulation
a. Hemostasis
b. Blood coagulation
c. Blood clot
d. Fibrin threads
What form is clotting factors present in the blood? (activity)
a. Inactive
b. Become activated upon injury through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways
Where is clotting factors produced? Any Requirement?
a. Liver
b. Yes, vitamin K. by gut or outside intake
T/F clotting factors are proteins
a. True
list the AKA CN #
a. Fibrinogen b. Prothrombin c. Preaccelerin d. Proconvertin e. Antihemophilic factor f. Christmas factor g. Stuart-prower factor h. Plasma thromboplastin antecedent i. Hageman factor j. Fibrin-stabilizing factor
a. CF I
b. CF II
c. CF V
d. CF VII
e. CF VIII
f. CF IX
g. CF X
h. CF XI
i. CF XII
j. CF XIII
Fill in the [blank]
a. Coagulation results from [blank]
b. Fibrin results of [blank]
i. Fibrin
ii. Fibrinogen
1) Normally inactive
How does fibrinogen get activated? Brief pathway from start to end (fibrin)
a. CF X –> prothrombin –> thrombin + fibrinogen –> fibrin
What activates clotting factors by extrinsic and intrinsic
a. Within and outside injured blood vessel cells, injured tissue cells
i. Tissue thromboplastin –> procovertin (CF VII)–> Stuart-prower factor (CF X)
b. Inside injured blood vessels, exposure of collagen fibers, of subendothelial cells of blood vesseels, to blood flow.
What activates clotting factors by extrinsic and intrinsic
a. Within and outside injured blood vessel cells, injured tissue cells
i. Tissue thromboplastin –> procovertin (CF VII)–> Stuart-prower factor (CF X)
b. Inside injured blood vessels, exposure of collagen fibers, of subendothelial cells of blood vesseels, to blood flow.
○ Collagen fiber exposure –> hageman factor CF XII –> Plasma thromboplastin antecedent CF XI –> Christmas factor CF IX –> Stuart-prower factor CF X
What is the final path of each extrinsic and intrinsic pathways: (… CF X –> [blank]
a. CF X –> prothrombin CF II –> thrombin +fibrinogen CF I –> fibrin
What is coagulation?
a. Fibrin forming a net and trapping formed elements in blood [blood clot]
Why are patients with severe blood loss given calcium chloride injections?
a. To help with the blood clotting
b. Ca2+ is a necessary component of coagulation
What is the AKA of platelets?
a. Thrombocytes
What is the process of platelet activation and the platelet plug?
a. Inside injured blood vessels
i. Collagen fiber + von Willebrand factor –> stops movement of platelets –> activated platelets –> attach to second layer of platelets etc –> formation of platelet plug
i. Platelet plug physically blocks damaged blood vessel.
1) Collagen fiber exposure of subendothelia cells of blood vessels to blood flow, activates inactive von Willebrand factor and attaches to exposed collagen fibers, –>
2) stopping movement of platelets –>
3) forming single layer of platelet on top of the exposed collagen
4) Activated platelets attach a second layer of platelets etc
5) Result in formation of platelet plug
What results from platelet activation (platelet plug) and coagulation (blood clotting via CF cascade) through 2 independent and simultaneous processes?
a. Stasis
Blood clots can be formed only inside vessels, T/F
a. False, can be formed inside and outside of vessels
Platelet plugs can only be formed inside a blood vessel, T/F
a. True
What do activated platelets release?
a. ADP - promotes platelet activation
b. Thromboxane A2 - vasoconstriction
c. Growth factors - promote wound healing, fibroblast chemotaxis
What do platelets that get activated via von Willebrand factor also undergo?
a. Degranulation
What is Anticoagulation?
a. Competes with coagulation which prevents excess or uncontrolled blood clotting
b. What are the three components of anticoagulation?
a. Hemodynamics -
i. slow blood flow is important for coagulation otherwise activated CFs get washed out and a clot cannot be formed
b. Endothelial mediation -
i. platelet plug is formed, surrounding uninjured endothelial cells release prostacyclin (PGI2) which prevents extra or excess platelet aggregation
c. Fibrinolitic system
i. CF XII also activates tissue plasminogen activator, which converts plasminogen into plasmin, resulting in degradation of activated CFs
c. What are the bleeding disorders discussed?
a. Petechiae
i. Pinpoint hemorrages
b. Purpura
c. Ecchymoses
d. Hematoma
