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Biology Bethea Final Exam II > Part II > Flashcards

Part II Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the correct order for the levels of Linnaeus’s classification?

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of Binomial nomenclature system?

A

1st Part is Genus and 2nd Part is Species (Ex: Red wolf)

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3
Q

Which taxa would generally contain the most members?

A

Phylum

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4
Q

What best describes the Linnaean classification system?

A

Each level includes the more specific levels below.

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5
Q

What is one limitation of the Linnaean classification system?

A

it is based on physical characteristics alone.

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6
Q

What is the evolutionary history of a group of species called?

A

phylogeny

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7
Q

Embryos of both mammals and reptiles are protected by amniotic fluid. What is this type of trait called?

A

derived character

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8
Q

Cladistics is a classification system based on what?

A

common ancestry

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9
Q

In a cladogram, what represents the most recent common ancestor shared by a clade?

A

the node where branches meet.

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10
Q

What is considered to be the strongest evidence that 2 species are related?

A

similar genes

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11
Q

What do molecular clocks use to measure evolutionary time?

A

mutation rates

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12
Q

How does mitochondrial DNA differ from nuclear DNA?

A

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother only, and nuclear DNA is inherited from both parents

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13
Q

The best molecular clock for comparing DISTANTLY related species is what?

A

ribosomal RNA

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14
Q

The best molecular clock for comparing CLOSELY related species is what?

A

mitochondrial DNA

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15
Q

Woese separated the kingdom Monera into which 2 kingdoms?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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16
Q

What are the 3 domains accepted by most scientists?

A

Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria

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17
Q

What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have a nucleus

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18
Q

Single-celled prokaryotes that are classified by their ability to survive extreme conditions is what?

A

archaea

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19
Q

What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?

A

They do not feed the same

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20
Q

An infectious particle made of a strand of nuclei acid surrounded by protein is a?

A

virus

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21
Q

An infectious particle made up of ONLY protein is?

A

prion

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22
Q

Any organism or particle that can cause an infectious disease is called?

A

viroid

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23
Q

What infectious RNA causes disease in plants?

A

viroids

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24
Q

What is a one-celled prokaryotes?

A

bacteria

25
Q

What part of a virus determines which host it infects?

A

surface proteins

26
Q

Viruses that infect bacteria are called?

A

bacteriophages

27
Q

What type of infection will cause the infected host cell to burst?

A

lytic infection

28
Q

What is the protein shell of a virus called?

A

capsid

29
Q

When VIRAL DNA combines with the host cell’s DNA, the viral DNA becomes a?

A

prophage

30
Q

What is it called when there is a rapid outbreak of an injection?

A

an epidemic

31
Q

Why is HIV considered a retrovirus?

A

because is uses RNA to make DNA

32
Q

A substance that stimulates the body’s immune system against future invasion of microbes is?

A

vaccine

33
Q

When HIV becomes a lytic infection, what does it do?

A

destroys white blood cells

34
Q

Is there a vaccine for the viral disease SARS?

A

No

35
Q

Is there a vaccine for influenza (flu)?

A

Yes. The flu is a viral disease but there is a vaccine.

36
Q

Prokaryotes that need oxygen to live are called?

A

obligate aerobes

37
Q

Bacteria are classified as Gram-positive based on a substance found in their what?

A

cell walls

38
Q

An endospore may survive a drought because it is protected by what?

A

thick wall

39
Q

Bacteria that are rod shaped are called?

A

bacilli

40
Q

Photosynthetic plants and cyanobacteria produce what?

A

Oxygen

41
Q

When microbes are applied to pollutants in order to break them down, the process is called?

A

bioremediation

42
Q

Bacteria gives flavor to cheese through what process?

A

fermentation

43
Q

What kingdom did slime molds used to be classified as before being in the kingdom Protista?

A

Fungi

44
Q

When animal-like protists eat other organisms, they are called what?

A

heterotrophic

45
Q

Protists are classified into what domain?

A

Eukarya

46
Q

The definition of a protist is a eukaryote that is what?

A

not an animal, plant or fungus

47
Q

Why are algae similar to plants?

A

because they both have chlorophyll for photosynthesis

48
Q

Single-celled plantlike protists and photosynthetic bacteria make up communities of what?

A

phytoplankton

49
Q

What is the flexible coat-like covering on the cell surface of euglenoids called?

A

pellicle

50
Q

Both plants and green algae have cell walls made of what?

A

cellulose

51
Q

Which protist can heavily populate the oceans when nutrients are ample and create what is known as a red tide?

A

dinoflagellates

52
Q

What can fungus-like protists do that fungi cannot?

A

move

53
Q

Under a microscope, water-mold cells look like?

A

moving amoebas

54
Q

Phytophthora infestans is a form of what?

A

water mold

55
Q

Cellular slime molds are commonly found where?

A

in the soil

56
Q

The bodies of multicellular fungi are made of long strands called what?

A

hyphae

57
Q

Fungi differ from plants because fungi are not?

A

photosynthetic

58
Q

What is the process called when green plants use sunlight to produce nutrients?

A

photosynthetic

59
Q

The part of a fungus that grows above ground, releases spores, and is sometimes edible is the what?

A

fruiting body (a mushroom is a fruiting body)

Biology Bethea Final Exam II (1 decks)

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