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Biology Bethea Final Exam II > Part II > Flashcards

Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the correct order for the levels of Linnaeus’s classification?

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of Binomial nomenclature system?

A

1st Part is Genus and 2nd Part is Species (Ex: Red wolf)

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3
Q

Which taxa would generally contain the most members?

A

Phylum

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4
Q

What best describes the Linnaean classification system?

A

Each level includes the more specific levels below.

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5
Q

What is one limitation of the Linnaean classification system?

A

it is based on physical characteristics alone.

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6
Q

What is the evolutionary history of a group of species called?

A

phylogeny

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7
Q

Embryos of both mammals and reptiles are protected by amniotic fluid. What is this type of trait called?

A

derived character

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8
Q

Cladistics is a classification system based on what?

A

common ancestry

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9
Q

In a cladogram, what represents the most recent common ancestor shared by a clade?

A

the node where branches meet.

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10
Q

What is considered to be the strongest evidence that 2 species are related?

A

similar genes

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11
Q

What do molecular clocks use to measure evolutionary time?

A

mutation rates

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12
Q

How does mitochondrial DNA differ from nuclear DNA?

A

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother only, and nuclear DNA is inherited from both parents

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13
Q

The best molecular clock for comparing DISTANTLY related species is what?

A

ribosomal RNA

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14
Q

The best molecular clock for comparing CLOSELY related species is what?

A

mitochondrial DNA

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15
Q

Woese separated the kingdom Monera into which 2 kingdoms?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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16
Q

What are the 3 domains accepted by most scientists?

A

Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria

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17
Q

What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have a nucleus

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18
Q

Single-celled prokaryotes that are classified by their ability to survive extreme conditions is what?

A

archaea

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19
Q

What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?

A

They do not feed the same

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20
Q

An infectious particle made of a strand of nuclei acid surrounded by protein is a?

A

virus

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21
Q

An infectious particle made up of ONLY protein is?

A

prion

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22
Q

Any organism or particle that can cause an infectious disease is called?

A

viroid

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23
Q

What infectious RNA causes disease in plants?

A

viroids

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24
Q

What is a one-celled prokaryotes?

25
What part of a virus determines which host it infects?
surface proteins
26
Viruses that infect bacteria are called?
bacteriophages
27
What type of infection will cause the infected host cell to burst?
lytic infection
28
What is the protein shell of a virus called?
capsid
29
When VIRAL DNA combines with the host cell's DNA, the viral DNA becomes a?
prophage
30
What is it called when there is a rapid outbreak of an injection?
an epidemic
31
Why is HIV considered a retrovirus?
because is uses RNA to make DNA
32
A substance that stimulates the body's immune system against future invasion of microbes is?
vaccine
33
When HIV becomes a lytic infection, what does it do?
destroys white blood cells
34
Is there a vaccine for the viral disease SARS?
No
35
Is there a vaccine for influenza (flu)?
Yes. The flu is a viral disease but there is a vaccine.
36
Prokaryotes that need oxygen to live are called?
obligate aerobes
37
Bacteria are classified as Gram-positive based on a substance found in their what?
cell walls
38
An endospore may survive a drought because it is protected by what?
thick wall
39
Bacteria that are rod shaped are called?
bacilli
40
Photosynthetic plants and cyanobacteria produce what?
Oxygen
41
When microbes are applied to pollutants in order to break them down, the process is called?
bioremediation
42
Bacteria gives flavor to cheese through what process?
fermentation
43
What kingdom did slime molds used to be classified as before being in the kingdom Protista?
Fungi
44
When animal-like protists eat other organisms, they are called what?
heterotrophic
45
Protists are classified into what domain?
Eukarya
46
The definition of a protist is a eukaryote that is what?
not an animal, plant or fungus
47
Why are algae similar to plants?
because they both have chlorophyll for photosynthesis
48
Single-celled plantlike protists and photosynthetic bacteria make up communities of what?
phytoplankton
49
What is the flexible coat-like covering on the cell surface of euglenoids called?
pellicle
50
Both plants and green algae have cell walls made of what?
cellulose
51
Which protist can heavily populate the oceans when nutrients are ample and create what is known as a red tide?
dinoflagellates
52
What can fungus-like protists do that fungi cannot?
move
53
Under a microscope, water-mold cells look like?
moving amoebas
54
Phytophthora infestans is a form of what?
water mold
55
Cellular slime molds are commonly found where?
in the soil
56
The bodies of multicellular fungi are made of long strands called what?
hyphae
57
Fungi differ from plants because fungi are not?
photosynthetic
58
What is the process called when green plants use sunlight to produce nutrients?
photosynthetic
59
The part of a fungus that grows above ground, releases spores, and is sometimes edible is the what?
fruiting body (a mushroom is a fruiting body)

Biology Bethea Final Exam II (1 decks)

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