Part I: Important Vocabulary Flashcards
They are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. (Basically they are larger versions of molecules)
Polymer
A molecule that when combined with other monomers, forms large macromolecules or polymers
Monomer
A substance that causes a chemical reaction to occur more quickly without being used up in the reaction
Catalyst
Biological catalyst
Enzyme
Sugar produced during photosynthesis, a monosaccharide
Glucose
Molecules that contain carbon
Organic
Large storage vacuole found in plant cells and some protists that functions in storage of foods
produced.
Central Vacuole
Special proteins found in the cell membrane that function in cell recognition.
Glycoprotein
They are lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as
markers for cellular recognition
Glycolipid
A substance gains entry into the cell without passage through the cell membrane
Endocytosis
A process of cellular secretion or excretion in which substances contained in vesicles are
discharged from the cell
Exocytosis
A form of endocytosis that involves bringing a liquid into the cell
Pinocytosis
A form of endocytosis that involves bringing a solid into the cell
Phagocytosis
A solution that contains more solute than solvent ( a cell placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink)
Hypertonic
A solution that contains more solvent than solute ( a cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell or
burst)
Hypotonic
A solution that has an equal ratio of solute to solvent (a cell placed in an isotonic solution will remain
the same)
Isotonic
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others
Selectively Permeable
The part of the enzyme at which catalysis of the substrate occurs.
Active site
Either of the two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes.
Chromatid
Energy storage molecule that stores chemical energy for living organisms
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Attracted to water or water loving ( in the cell membrane, the phospholipid head of the molecule is
attracted to water)
Hydrophilic
Repelled by water or water hating (in the cell membrane the phospholipid tails are repelled by water
Hydrophobic
Respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen. This is most efficient
Aerobic Respiration
Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, this is not very efficient and can damage cells.
Anaerobic Respiration
