Part I: Important Vocabulary

Question 1

They are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. (Basically they are larger versions of molecules)

Answer 1

Polymer

Question 2

A molecule that when combined with other monomers, forms large macromolecules or polymers

Answer 2

Monomer

Question 3

A substance that causes a chemical reaction to occur more quickly without being used up in the reaction

Answer 3

Catalyst

Question 4

Biological catalyst

Answer 4

Enzyme

Question 5

Sugar produced during photosynthesis, a monosaccharide

Answer 5

Glucose

Question 6

Molecules that contain carbon

Answer 6

Organic

Question 7

Large storage vacuole found in plant cells and some protists that functions in storage of foods
produced.

Answer 7

Central Vacuole

Question 8

Special proteins found in the cell membrane that function in cell recognition.

Answer 8

Glycoprotein

Question 9

They are lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as
markers for cellular recognition

Answer 9

Glycolipid

Question 10

A substance gains entry into the cell without passage through the cell membrane

Answer 10

Endocytosis

Question 11

A process of cellular secretion or excretion in which substances contained in vesicles are
discharged from the cell

Answer 11

Exocytosis

Question 12

A form of endocytosis that involves bringing a liquid into the cell

Answer 12

Pinocytosis

Question 13

A form of endocytosis that involves bringing a solid into the cell

Answer 13

Phagocytosis

Question 14

A solution that contains more solute than solvent ( a cell placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink)

Answer 14

Hypertonic

Question 15

A solution that contains more solvent than solute ( a cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell or
burst)

Answer 15

Hypotonic

Question 16

A solution that has an equal ratio of solute to solvent (a cell placed in an isotonic solution will remain
the same)

Answer 16

Isotonic

Question 17

A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others

Answer 17

Selectively Permeable

Question 18

The part of the enzyme at which catalysis of the substrate occurs.

Answer 18

Active site

Question 19

Either of the two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes.

Answer 19

Chromatid

Question 20

Energy storage molecule that stores chemical energy for living organisms

Answer 20

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 21

Attracted to water or water loving ( in the cell membrane, the phospholipid head of the molecule is
attracted to water)

Answer 21

Hydrophilic

Question 22

Repelled by water or water hating (in the cell membrane the phospholipid tails are repelled by water

Answer 22

Hydrophobic

Question 23

Respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen. This is most efficient

Answer 23

Aerobic Respiration

Question 24

Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, this is not very efficient and can damage cells.

Answer 24

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 25

The green pigment of plants and photosynthetic algae and bacteria that traps the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis

Answer 25

Chlorophyll