PART I Flashcards
A PERICARDIAL KNOCK is associated with…
Constructive Pericarditis
Which of the following can mimic MITRAL STENOSIS?
Left Atrial Myxoma
Which of the following is the correct definition for RAYLEIGH SCATTERING?
A form of scattering; When sound scatters systemically in all directions
Which of the following is the correct definition for MVP?
Mitral Valve Prolapse; Posterior displacement of one or both MV leaflets in the LEFT ATRIUM during systole
What equation is used to calculate the pressure gradient across:
ASD
VSD or
PDA
Qp/Qs ratio
Define PROPAGATION SPEED
Speed at which sound travels thru a medium
Which of the following are complications of MITRAL STENOSIS?
Left Atrial Enlargement
A Fib
Mitral Regurge
With MITRAL STENOSIS it is possible to see a thrombus in the…
Left Atrium
What is the most common type of BENIGN CARDIAC TUMOR found in LEFT ATRIUM?
MYXOMA
A common cause of RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY is
AMYLOIDOSIS
The higher the density of a structure…
The ⬇️ the propagation speed
The ⬆️ the impedance
⬆️speed ⬆️stiff
⬇️speed ⬆️density
A known BIOEFFECT of ULTRASOUND
Thermal Effect (heating of tissue)
How is the severity of MITRAL REGURGITATION determined?
Length && Width of the COLOR FLOW DOPPLER SIGNAL
Which of the following IS NOT a symptom of MITRAL STENOSIS?
Nausea
How will a ⬇️ in LV fx effect the pressure gradient across a stenotic valve?
⬇️ pressure gradient
Which of the following is the correct unit of measurement for “INCIDENT INTENSITY”?
W/cm^2
With MITRAL STENOSIS the “A” kick is ALWAYS lost…
FALSE
Which component of the transducer limits ringing of the crystal?
Damping Material
Which of the following are common causes for MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE?
Marfans Syndrome
Mitral Vegetation
Flail Mitral Leaflet
Left Atrial Enlargement is commonly seen in…
Moderate/Severe MITRAL REGURGITATION
A common 2d finding in patients with CHRONIC SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE is
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
SV x HR
Cardiac Output
Which of the following is NOT a cause for PERICARDIAL EFFUSION?
Pericarditis
AIDS
PULMONARY HTN
Dresslers Syndrome
A MITRAL STENOSIS is heard during what cardiac phase?
Early Diastole
A cause for DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY is…
Alcohol
The most common area for an ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT is:
Foramen Ovale/Septum Secundum area
What equation is used to obtain an AORTIC VALVE AREA?
Continuity
When transporting a patient on a stretcher you should:
Push patient feet first
What type of abnormality is associated with an AUSTIN FLINT MURMUR?
Aortic Insufficiency
The first heart sound correlates with…
Mitral && Tricuspid Valve Closure
The effects of dobutamine include…
⬆️HR
⬆️CONTRACTILITY
Symptoms of: Fever Night sweats New onset mumur Had Recent Dental Work WHAT WOULD U LOOK FOR?
Vegetations on Valves
The cursor for obtaining a M-Mode of LV is placed
At tip of PAP muscle
Where is the transducer placed && indicator marker direction for a PLAX view?
4th intercostal space with indicator pointing to RIGHT shoulder
What type of reflection is produced when ULTRASOUND waves strike a smooth surface that’s larger than the sound wavelength?
SPECULAR
What is the MUSCULAR BAND called that is seen in the apex of the RIGHT VENTRICLE on an APICAL 4 CHAMBER view?
Moderator Band
The pressure gradient obtained from echo is a(n):
Instantaneous pressure gradient
The component of the transducer that decreases the impedance between the crystal && air is the:
Matching Layer
What is the most important factor in Doppler equation?
COSINE of the angle
The DE excursion on the m-mode of the MITRAL VALVE correlates with:
Rapid filling of the ventricles
Ways to improve AXIAL RESOLUTION include:
⬆️frequency
The inner most lining of the
Endocardium
A BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE should be diagnosed in the PSA-Ao Level during what part of the cardiac cycle?
Systole
Because a RAPHE may mimic a 3rd cusp during closure
A Type 3 DEBAKEY AORTIC DISSECTION affects the:
Descending Aorta ONLY
A typical packet size for Doppler imaging is:
3-20 pulses
If the frequency of the transducer ⬆️, the resolution:
⬆️
The zone in a sound beam from the transducer (near zone) is called:
FRESNAL ZONE
