Part I Flashcards
most important people in the health-care community
Patients
-also called general practitioners
- give request for work up, determine possible problems
- can refer pt to other institution
Primary Care Physician
work in hospital, attend to treatment and prognosis
Attending Physician
- can also be the primary care doctor
- direct patients to specialist
Referring Physician
carry out doctor’s order
Nurses
handles the radiology department
Radiology Manager
head of x-ray
Chief Radiographer
- certified and licensed
- limited to subspecialization
Radiologist
training to be Radiologist
Resident Radiologist
- cost-effective care for urgent care or minor surgery for conditions that are not immediately life threatening
- patients are seen without waiting several days for an appointment
- cope with acute but minor illnesses ex. broken fingers, ear infections
Immediate/Urgent Care Clinics
patients are admitted early in the morning for minor procedures such as simple hernia repair and released to home care the same evening
Outpatient Surgical Facilities / Sugicenters
hospitals operated by federal or local government
Public Hospitals
for veterans, operated by the Department of Veteran Affairs
Military Hospitals
independent hospital institutions
Private Hospitals
- “short stay” ward for minor surgical procedures or invasive diagnostic procedures
- baby check ups & follow up care etc
Outpatient Clinics
skilled nursing facilities provide care for patients during recovery when professional help is needed for rehabilitation but services of the hospital is no longer required
Foster Care
recent medical school graduates gaining practical experiences
Interns
licensed physicians receiving advance training
Fellows
licensed physicians in an educational program to become certified in a specialty area
Residents
- treat only hospitalized patients
- on discharge, patient returns to care of primary care physician
hospitalists
extend privilege of staff membership to qualified physician applicants and to organize the staff to cooperate in making the rule that govern
Board
- do not need specific training and experience in the areas
- rely on department supervisors
Administrators
education and expertise relate directly to the area
Chief of Supervisor
identification of patient problems
Diagnostic
devoted to treatment
Therapeutic
support patients and their families by providing hospital chaplains, a trained counselor or a translator
Social Service Department
Being able to feel/understand a situation
Sympathy
Putting yourself in another person’s shoes
Empathy
Exchange of information/thoughts between a receiver and sender
Communication
Skills needed in communication
Listening, observing, speaking and writing
Types of communication
Verbal communication
Non verbal communication
Exchange of information/thoughts with the use of words (spoken words)
Verbal communication
Components of verbal communication
Vocabulary
Pacing
Organization of sentences
Humor
Exchange of information without words
Non verbal communication
Components of non-verbal communication
Paralanguage
Body language
Touch
Professional appearance/ personal hygiene
Physical presence
Visual contact
“Music of language”
Paralanguage
Mixed or confusing signals [can be subconscious]
Body language
2 types of body language
Positive non-verbal cues
Negative non-verbal cues
Improve history taking, increase quantity and quality of communication
Positive Non-Verbal Cues
Improve history taking ex. Furrowing of eyebrows
Negative non-verbal cues
3 reasons to touch a patient
Emotional support
Emphasis
Palpation
Reasons not to use palms
Offensive
Inaccurate
Personal hygiene
Clip nails without acrylic
Prevent body odor
Avoid strong perfume
RT gains confidence and self-esteem for patients
Physical Presence
Determine if the patient understands what you are saying
Visual contact
[how to] address patient
First names -US
Reasons for calling patient by first name
Catch attention
Keep the ANONIMITY
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act
[how to] Avoiding Assumptions
Ask confirmatory questions
Careful with how you craft your questions
[how to] dealing with pedia
To stand tall in pediatrics, you have to get down on your knees
Dr. Armand Brodeur
[how to] communication with seriously ill and traumatized patients
Work quickly and efficiently
Continue to communicate even if there is no response
Types of consent
verbal
Written
Implied -emergency, unconscious
Act that protects a person by not being liable for any damages
Good Samaritan Law
[how to] Visually impaired patients
C.G.I.D
Goal: communicate as if pt. Is able to see what we’re seeing
-clear info
-gentle touch
-inform pt of whats to occur
-do not talk loud
[how to] speech-impaired and hearing impaired patients
-Pantomime
-pts should demo instructions in return
-many facilities offer sign language expert
[how to] Establish Rapport
P.E.P.S.P.P
-provide attitude and manner
-explain radiation procedure
-provide privacy
-secure pt’s belongings
-provide comfort
-provide clean and safe environment
Perceptive to senses, such as signs that can be seen, heard or felt and laboratory reports
Objective data
Pertain to or are perceived only by affected individual include factors that involves pt’s emotions and experiences such as pain and severity
Subjective Data
Questioning Skills
O.F.S.P.R.S
Open-ended questions
Facilitation
Silence
Probing Questions
Repetition
Summarization
Encourages elaboration [nondirected, non leading]
Open-ended question
Encourages elaboration [nod, yes, go on…]
Facilitation
To give patient time to remember
Facilitates accuracy and elaboration
Silence
To focus on interview
Provide more detail
Probing questions
Rewording
Clarifies information
Repetition
Condensing
verifies accuracy
Summarization
Primary medical problem defined by patient, important because it focuses clinical history toward the single most important issue
Chief complaint
Sacred 7
Localization
Chronology
Quality
Onset
Aggravating or Alleviation Factors
Associated Manifestations
Defining exact and precise area possible for patient’s complaint
Requires perfectly worded questions accompanied by proper touching of pt
Localization
Time element of history duration [onset, frequency, and course of symptoms]
Chronology
Character of the symptoms
Quality
Intensity, quantity or extent of the problem
Severity
Patient explaining what he/she was doing when illness began
Onset
Circumstance that produce the problem or intensity. It should be well defined.
Aggravating or alleviating factors
Necessary to find out whether other symptoms accompany the chief complaint in order to determine whether all symptoms relate to the chief complained or another condition
Associated Manifestations
