Part I. 1 Basic Concepts in Immunology Flashcards
Understanding the main concepts of the chapter
Where do all the cellular elements of the blood derive from?
The pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells, in the bone marrow.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 25.
Which are the four categories of disease-causing microorganims the human body recognizes?
Archaea and Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, and Viruses.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 25.
What are commensal microorganims?
Non-pathogenic microbes that have symbiotic relationship with the host.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 25.
What are the main lineages derived from the pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells?
The Lymphoid & Myeloid lineages.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 26.
Which scientist dicovered the Complement System?
Jules Bordet.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.
How many components does the Complement has?
Circa 30 proteins.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.
What’s the chemical nature of Complement’s components?
Proteins.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.
Where are the components of Complement’s produced?
The liver. Source:
What are the main cell types of the Lymphoid Lineage?
B cells, T cells, NK cells, ILC, Dendritic cells.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 26.
What are the main cell types of the Myeloid Lineage?
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast cells, Macrophages, Platelets and Erithrocytes.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 26.
What does Antigen stand for?
Antibody generator/generation.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 24.
What’s an Antigen?
Any substance recognized by the adaptaive immune system.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 24.
How do you describe “adaptative immunity”?
A specific response against infection by potential pathogens (e.g. production of antibodies against a particular pathogen).
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 24.
What’s a cyst?
A cyst is a sac-like pocket of membranous tissue that contains fluid, air, or other substances. Cysts can grow almost anywhere in your body or under your skin.
Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/cyst
How many strategies does a host have against a pathogen?
Three: Avoidance, Resistance, and tolerance.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 24.
Describe the strategy of Avoidance?
Exposure to microbes prevention.
Anatomic barriers such as the skin, or behavior or chemical barriers.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.
Describe the strategy of Resistance?
Reducing or eliminating the microbes.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.
Describe the strategy of Tolerance?
Responses to enhance the tissue’s capacity to resist damage induced by microbes.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.
What are possible inflammatory inducers?
Lipopolysaccharides and extracellular ATP.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 29.
What are a few examples of PAMPs?
mannose-rich oligosaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, unmethylated CpG DNA, peptidoglycans.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.
What does PAMP stand for?
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.
What does PRR stand for?
Pattern Recognition Receptors, aka, innate recognition receptors, which are present in sensor cells.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.
What do PRR recognize?
PRRs recognize PAMPs.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.
What are two important categories of inflammatory mediators?
Cytokines and Chemokines.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.
What’s a characteristic that differentiates T cells from NK cells or ILC?
NK or ILC cells operate as part of the innate system and lack an antigen-specific receptors.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 33.
What cells do NK recognize?
NK cells are large lymphocyte-like cells with a distinctive granular cytoplasm that recognize tumor cells and cells infected with herpesviruses.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 33.
What’s an epitope?
The sites within antigens to which antigen receptors bind.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 33.
What does MHC stand for?
Major Histocompatibility Complex.
Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 36.
