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Janeway's immunobiology > Part I. 1 Basic Concepts in Immunology > Flashcards

Part I. 1 Basic Concepts in Immunology Flashcards

Understanding the main concepts of the chapter

1
Q

Where do all the cellular elements of the blood derive from?

A

The pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells, in the bone marrow.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 25.

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2
Q

Which are the four categories of disease-causing microorganims the human body recognizes?

A

Archaea and Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, and Viruses.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 25.

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3
Q

What are commensal microorganims?

A

Non-pathogenic microbes that have symbiotic relationship with the host.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 25.

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4
Q

What are the main lineages derived from the pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells?

A

The Lymphoid & Myeloid lineages.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 26.

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5
Q

Which scientist dicovered the Complement System?

A

Jules Bordet.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.

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6
Q

How many components does the Complement has?

A

Circa 30 proteins.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.

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7
Q

What’s the chemical nature of Complement’s components?

A

Proteins.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.

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8
Q

Where are the components of Complement’s produced?

A

The liver. Source:

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9
Q

What are the main cell types of the Lymphoid Lineage?

A

B cells, T cells, NK cells, ILC, Dendritic cells.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 26.

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10
Q

What are the main cell types of the Myeloid Lineage?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast cells, Macrophages, Platelets and Erithrocytes.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 26.

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11
Q

What does Antigen stand for?

A

Antibody generator/generation.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 24.

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12
Q

What’s an Antigen?

A

Any substance recognized by the adaptaive immune system.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 24.

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13
Q

How do you describe “adaptative immunity”?

A

A specific response against infection by potential pathogens (e.g. production of antibodies against a particular pathogen).

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 24.

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14
Q

What’s a cyst?

A

A cyst is a sac-like pocket of membranous tissue that contains fluid, air, or other substances. Cysts can grow almost anywhere in your body or under your skin.

Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/cyst

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15
Q

How many strategies does a host have against a pathogen?

A

Three: Avoidance, Resistance, and tolerance.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 24.

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16
Q

Describe the strategy of Avoidance?

A

Exposure to microbes prevention.
Anatomic barriers such as the skin, or behavior or chemical barriers.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.

17
Q

Describe the strategy of Resistance?

A

Reducing or eliminating the microbes.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.

18
Q

Describe the strategy of Tolerance?

A

Responses to enhance the tissue’s capacity to resist damage induced by microbes.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 27.

19
Q

What are possible inflammatory inducers?

A

Lipopolysaccharides and extracellular ATP.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 29.

20
Q

What are a few examples of PAMPs?

A

mannose-rich oligosaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, unmethylated CpG DNA, peptidoglycans.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.

21
Q

What does PAMP stand for?

A

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.

22
Q

What does PRR stand for?

A

Pattern Recognition Receptors, aka, innate recognition receptors, which are present in sensor cells.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.

23
Q

What do PRR recognize?

A

PRRs recognize PAMPs.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.

24
Q

What are two important categories of inflammatory mediators?

A

Cytokines and Chemokines.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 31.

25
Q

What’s a characteristic that differentiates T cells from NK cells or ILC?

A

NK or ILC cells operate as part of the innate system and lack an antigen-specific receptors.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 33.

26
Q

What cells do NK recognize?

A

NK cells are large lymphocyte-like cells with a distinctive granular cytoplasm that recognize tumor cells and cells infected with herpesviruses.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 33.

27
Q

What’s an epitope?

A

The sites within antigens to which antigen receptors bind.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 33.

28
Q

What does MHC stand for?

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex.

Source: Jenway, Chapter 1. Page 36.

Janeway's immunobiology (1 decks)

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