Part B - Steering and Sailing

Question 1

Rule 4 - application

Answer 1

Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility.

Question 2

Rule 5 - lookout

Answer 2

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper-lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full APPRAISAL of the situation and of the risk of collision.

Question 3

Rule 6 Safe speed

Answer 3

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed

so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision

and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

Question 4

Rule 6a - factors all vessels

Answer 4

By all vessels:

the state of visibility;

the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;

the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;

at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights;

the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;

the draught in relation to the available depth of water.

Question 5

Rule 6B - vessels with radar

Answer 5

Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:

The characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;

Any constraints imposed by the radar scale in use;

The effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;

The possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;

The number location and movement of vessels detected by radar;

The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range or vessels or objects in the vicinity.

Question 6

Rule 7a - Risk of Collision

Answer 6

Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.

Question 7

Rule 7b - Radar Eq.

Answer 7

Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long range scanning to obtain early warning of the risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects

Question 8

Rule 7c

Answer 8

Assumptions shall not be based on scanty information especially scanty radar information.

Question 9

Rule 7d (i, ii)

Answer 9

In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account.

Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not significantly change.

Such risk may still exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.

Question 10

Rule 8a

Answer 10

Action to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the rules of this part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship

Question 11

Rule 8b

Answer 11

Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall if the circumstances of the case admit be large enough to be readily apparent to a vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.

Question 12

Rule 8d - Action taken to avoid collision shall be such as to

Answer 12

Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of such action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.

Question 13

Rule 8e - if necessary

Answer 13

If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel will slacken her speed or take all her way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.

Question 14

Rule 8F i - Vessel req to keep out of the way

Answer 14

A vessel which by any of these rules is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall,

when required by the circumstances of the case, take early and action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of the other vessel

Question 15

Rule 8 F (ii) - Required not to impede the passage or safe passage

Answer 15

A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel

is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve the risk of collision

and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this part

Question 16

Rule 8 F (iii) - A vessel the passage of which

Answer 16

A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part whe. The two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve the risk of collision.

Question 17

Rule 9a

Answer 17

A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.

Question 18

Rule 9b (20m)

Answer 18

A vessel of less than 20m in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.

Question 19

Rule 9c - FV

Answer 19

A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway

Question 20

Rule 9 d a vessel shall not (cross)

Answer 20

A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing shall impede the passage of a vessel that can safely navigate only within channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.

Question 21

Rule 9 e (i & ii) overtaking

Answer 21

i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall signal her intention by sounding the appropriate signal in prescribed in 34(c)(i) the vessel to be overtaken shall if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing, if in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in rule 34(d).

ii) This rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under rule 13.

Question 22

Rule 9f - narrow bend

Answer 22

A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).

Question 23

Rule 9g - anchoring

Answer 23

Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.

Question 24

Rule 10a - This rule applies…

Answer 24

This rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the organization and does not relieve any vessel of he obligation under any other rule.

Question 25

Rule 10b (i, ii, iii)

Answer 25

A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall;

i) Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane.

ii) So far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone.

iii) Normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side do so a as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.

Question 26

Rule 10c - Right angles

Answer 26

A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.

Question 27

Rule 10d (i ii) in-shore traffic zone

Answer 27

i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20m in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.

ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d) (i) a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when enroute to or from a port offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone.

Question 28

10e (not normally enter/cross SEP zone/line) (I)(ii)

Answer 28

A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:

i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger.

ii) to engage in fishing within a separation line.

Question 29

10f - navigating near termination

Answer 29

A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.

Question 30

10g - anchoring

Answer 30

A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its termination.

Question 31

10h - not using tss

Answer 31

A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.

Question 32

10i - FV

Answer 32

A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.

Question 33

10j <20m

Answer 33

A vessel of less than 20m in length shall not impede the safe passage of any power driven vessel following a traffic lane.

Question 34

A vessel RAM

10 K

Answer 34

A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

Question 35

A vessel RAM

10 L

Answer 35

A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in a operation for the laying servicing or picking up of a submarine cable within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from this rule to the extent that is necessary to carry out the operation.

Question 36

8c

Answer 36

If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation.