part b Flashcards
Q: Who led the Taiping Rebellion?
A: Hong Xiuquan
Q: What were the four key messages of Hong Xiuquan’s God Worshippers?
A:
a) Worship of God (Christianity)
b) Equality among people
c) Abolishing private property
d) Redistribution of land
Q: When did the Taiping rebels seize Nanjing and make it their capital?
A: 1853
Q: Who did the Qing have to rely on to defeat the Taiping rebels?
A:
a) Regional armies (e.g., Zeng Guofan’s Hunan Army)
b) Western powers
Q: Approximately how many died in the conflict between the Taiping rebels and the Qing?
A: 20-30 million
Q: From 1861, who was effectively in control of the Qing court, the ‘power behind the screen’?
A: Empress Dowager Cixi
Q: What was the name of the reform movement that sought to modernize China in the late 1800s?
A: Self-Strengthening Movement
Q: Why did this reform movement fail to gain significant traction?
A:
a) Conservative resistance within the Qing court
b) Lack of coordination and consistency
c) Limited understanding of Western technology and ideas
Q: Who defeated China in 1895, forcing China to cede Taiwan and Korea?
A: Japan
Q: Between 1895 and 1899, which nations declared areas of China to be their ‘spheres of influence’?
A:
a) Britain
b) France
c) Germany
d) Russia
e) Japan
Q: What was the consequence of this ‘Scramble for China’?
A: China was further weakened and divided, leading to loss of sovereignty and influence.
Q: Which Qing Emperor oversaw the period known as the ‘Hundred Days of Reform’?
A: Emperor Guangxu
Q: What key reforms were implemented as part of the ‘Hundred Days of Reform’?
A:
a) Modernization of the military
b) Reform of the education system
c) Abolishing outdated civil service exams
d) Encouraging industrialization
e) Promoting new technologies
f) Reforming government institutions
g) Enhancing communication infrastructure
Q: Who felt most challenged by these reforms that seemingly threatened their prestige?
A: Conservative officials and nobility, especially Empress Dowager Cixi
Q: What was the consequence of the ‘Hundred Days of Reform’ for Guangxu?
A: Guangxu was placed under house arrest by Empress Dowager Cixi.
Q: What was the real cost of the failure of the ‘Hundred Days of Reform’ for the Qing Dynasty?
A: The Qing Dynasty’s failure to modernize contributed to its eventual downfall.
Q: What is the common name of the ‘Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists’?
A: The Boxers
Q: Who did this group blame for natural disasters such as drought, flood, and famine?
A: Foreigners and Christian missionaries
Q: What catch-cry did this group develop in the late 1890s?
A: “Support the Qing, destroy the foreigners!”
Q: How did Cixi believe she could use this group?
A: To expel foreign influence and strengthen her own power.
Q: What did Cixi fear if she sought to suppress the Boxers?
A: Losing popular support and increasing foreign intervention.
Q: What did Cixi fear if she allowed the Boxers to continue?
A: Provoking a united foreign military response.
Q: What event precipitated the Boxers to attack the British?
A: Rumors and increasing foreign encroachment on Chinese sovereignty.
Q: Where did the Boxers come to entrap foreign diplomats and their families?
A: The foreign legation quarter in Beijing.