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Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue > Part A > Flashcards

Part A Flashcards

1
Q

Functions

A

Sensory input
Integration
Motor output

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2
Q

Organization of the Nervous System

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Two Functional Divisions

A

Sensory (afferent)

Motor (efferent)

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4
Q

Motor Division: Two Main Parts

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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5
Q

Astrocytes

A
  • Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells

* They cling to neurons and their synaptic endings, and cover capillaries

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6
Q

Function of Astrocytes

A
  • Support and brace neurons
  • Anchor neurons to their nutrient supplies
  • Guide migration of young neurons
  • Control the chemical environment
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7
Q

Ependymal cells

A

range in shape from squamous to columnar

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8
Q

Schwann cells

A

(neurolemmocytes) surround fibers of the PNS

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9
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

branched cells that wrap CNS nerve fibers

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10
Q

Neurons

A
  • Structural units of the nervous system
  • Composed of a body, axon, and dendrites
  • Long-lived, amitotic, and have a high metabolic rate
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11
Q

Meaning of Processes?

A

Armlike extensions from the soma

*Called tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS

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12
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Whitish, fatty (protein-lipoid), segmented sheath around most long axons

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13
Q

Functions of Myelin Sheath

A
  • Protect the axon
  • Electrically insulate fibers from one another
  • Increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
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14
Q

Formation of myelin sheath and Neurilemma?

A

Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS

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15
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

(Neurofibral Nodes)

Gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells

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16
Q

Axons of the CNS

A
  • Both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are present

* no neurilemma

17
Q

Regions of the Brain and Spinal Cord

A
  • White matter – dense collections of myelinated fibers

* Gray matter – mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers

18
Q

Neuron Classification

*Structural

A
  • Multipolar — three or more processes
  • Bipolar — two processes (axon and dendrite)
  • Unipolar — single, short process
19
Q

Neuron Classification

*Functional

A
  • Sensory (afferent)

* Motor (efferent) *Interneurons (association neurons)

20
Q

Neurophysiology

A

*Neurons are highly irritable

21
Q

Nervous System

A

master controlling and communicating system of the body

22
Q

Divisions of Nervous System

A
  • CNS
  • PNS
  • SNS
  • ANS

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue (3 decks)

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