Part A

Question 1

Explain Internet and WWW

Answer 1

Internet is a vast, international network, made up of computers and physical connections allowing them to communicate.
In the early years, computers were connected with telephone wires.

WWW is a network of information resources. It is a collection of software that expands the internet and enables the interlinking of hyperlink documents and resources.

Question 2

What is hyperlink? Explain it

Answer 2

HTML documents contain hyperlinks.
Both images and texts can be hyperlinked.
Hyperlinks are often used to reference the resource that has wide range of information about a particular topic.
Hyperlinks are clickable texts.
When a hyperlink is clicked, the web server locates the resource and sends it to the user’s web browser.
Hyperlinks can be used to reference web pages, email addresses, files, etc…

Question 3

Who has developed first WWW?
What are the further discoveries of him?
What is SGML?

Answer 3

Tim Berners Lee

First web server
First web browser
HTTP
HTML

Standard Generalized Markup Language
The term HTML derived from SGML

Question 4

What is WWW?
Explain its mechanisms it relies on

Answer 4

WWW is a network of information resources.
1. A Uniform Naming Scheme ( URI)
It identifies the information resource on
the web.
2. Protocol ( HTTP, HTTPS)
It helps to access resources on the web.
3. Hyperlinks
It provides easy navigation among
resources on the web.

Question 5

Write the structure of a URL?
What is URL?
What are three main parts of URL?

Answer 5

URL- Uniform Resource Locator
Every resource that available on the world wide web has a web address that is encoded by URL.

1. Scheme/ Protocol- Access resources
2. Domain- Name of the machine hosting the resource
   3.Path- Name of the resource

Question 6

Differentiate the protocols of WWW

Answer 6

HTTP:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
A set of rules to transfer files on world wide web.
It is not encrypted between server and client.
It is a simple client-server request/response communication protocol.

HTTPS:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
Transfer encrypted data on web.
The URL of websites which handle private information like credit card number start with HTTPS.

Question 7

What is Client-Server model?
Draw the model

Answer 7

In this model, client requests for resource and server provides the resource.
this architecture works through request-response cycle via HTTP messages.

Question 8

What is the role of W3C and WHATWG?
Who had first led W3C?

Answer 8

Maintain the global terms and international standards of HTML

Tim Berners Lee

Question 9

Explain these following terms.
1. Web page
2. Website
3. Web server
4. Web browser
Tell some examples for web browsers.

Answer 9

1. A document or information resource
   It contains texts, animation and images.
   web page can be in HTML or XHTML
   format.
2. A set of related web pages that contain
   video clips, images and texts.
   Website requires at least a server to be
   hosted.
   Website also requires a web address to
   be accessed on the internet.
3. Web server is a software on a server
   machine that can be run to response
   web clients’ requests using HTTP.
4. It is a software application for retrieving,
   presenting and traversing information
   resources on the web.
   Examples: Safari, Google Chrome, Opera, I
   Internet Explorer and Mozilla
   Firefox