Part 7 Flashcards
What are the six major components of a building?
- Foundation
- Framing (floor and wall supports)
- Roofing
- Plumbing
- Electrical wiring
- HVAC
Common construction materials for foundations include:
- poured concrete,
- Insulated concrete forms (ICF)
- Concrete block
- Permanent wood foundation (PWF)
In old or historic residences, appraisers may discover foundations made with
- Fieldstone
- Rubblestone
- Brick
The three types of foundations include?
- Slab
- Pier
- Stem wall/ basement wall foundation
A _____foundation is simply a poured concrete “slab” on grade with the site.
Slab foundation
“On grade” means at ground level.
The slab can be either: (2 types)
monolithic slab
(one continuous pour of concrete)
or
a perimeter stem wall - a slab with additional structural poured concrete support (either footings or grade beams along its perimeter.
A physical observation performed to assist in identifying relevant property characteristics in a valuation service.
Personal inspection
The appraisal observation process seeks to uncover valuation conditions like:
relevant characteristics
physical characteristics
external characteristics
A _____ foundation consists of piers of poured concrete (or other material such as treated wood) with the floor elevated above the ground (crawl space)
Pier Foundation
When a basement or crawl space is present, the walls of the basement form the structural foundation for the upper floors of the structure.
Wall foundations
What are the primary areas for appraisers to observe?
- Exterior perimeter foundation, particularly at grade level
- Accessible interior area of the foundation
Why does the grading around the foundation matter?
Does it provide adequate frainage?
Poor grading near the foundation is a leading cause of dampness in basements
Is there evidence of significant settlement cracks in the foundation? Why
Significant cracks indicate structural failures that may be very costly
In areas with clay soils or a high water table, it is common for newer construction to have _______ adjacent to the footing.
perimeter drain tile
think french drain
Appraisers typically don’t enter a crawl space area beyond head and shoulders.
True or false
True
_______ can be thought of a the “skeleton” of the building, or what holds up the roof and walls.
Framing
A primary concern when observing floors and walls is to check for
water-related damage.
What has fostered additional problems with moisture retention in some wall cavities, which can lead to problems with rotting wood and mold?
Tighter construction standards implemented in the 1980’s
The ______ encompasses everything that separates unconditioned air from condition air,
Envelope
A high-performance house will have a _____envelope rating than a code-built house.
lower envelope rating
What are the two basic types of wood framing?
platform construction
balloon construction
_____ is a construction type in which the wall framing sits on top the subfloor.
Platform frame
_____ is a construction type in which the studs extend from the sill to the roof. The second floor is supported by a horizontal ribbon or ledger board and joists nailed to studs
Balloon frame
_____ framing was more prevalent in housing built prior to World War II.
Balloon framing.
_______framing has dominated residential construction since the 1950’s.
Platform
Other framing types include ____
concrete block and stucco (CBS)
structural insulated panels (SIPs)
prefabricated walls
metal stud framing
What type of framing is common in high-rise construction.
Structural steel framing
Types of exterior finishes include
wood lap wood shingle plywood aluminum vinyl stucco brick stone veneer exterior insulation finish system (EIFS)
What is the most common of all interior finishes
gypsum board (drywall or sheetrock)
What was the most common type of interior finish pre WWII?
plaster
Dwellings with attic areas will either use pre-manufactured trusses or have hand-framed roofs with joists and rafters that meet at a
ridge board.
_____roofs are built in more common temperate (non-snow) areas.
Flat and low-pitch roofs
_____ is a waterproof material used to prevent water leakage in places where it is likely to occur, such as roof valleys or where vent pipes pass though the roof deck and where the roof meets a wall.
Flashing
What are the common types of roof designs?(7)
- Flat
- Gable
- Saltbox
- hip
- gambrel
- mansard
- shed
What are common types of roof ceverings:
asphalt or fiberglass wood shingle wood shake clay tile slate preformed metal seam roll roofing
What type of roof might an appraiser observe in the case of flat and low-pitch roofs?
rolled asphalt
tar and gravel
EPDM (rubber) membrane
Plumbing is divided into what three major divisions?
- Supply system
b. Septic system - Mechanical system (plumbing fixtures and appliances)
_______ bath-
sink and toilet (sometimes referred to as a powder room)
1/2 bath
_____bath
sink, toilet, and shower stall
3/4 bath
_____bath
sink, toilet, and bathtub (with or without a showerhead)
Full bath
_____bath These baths have the basics plus additional fixtures such as a whirlpool or steeping tub with an adjacent separate shower stall, bidet and sometimes additional sinks
Deluxe full bath
a room with only one fixture is sometimes called a
quarter bath
For private well and septic system lenders often require a
water test
What is an appraiser’s first priority in regards to electrical systems?
Stay safe
Older homes may have a ____ that uses screw-infuses.
fuse box
Fuse boxes have been replaced by
modern circuit breakers.
If overhead wires are observed, note if ______
less than three wires lead to the service entrance cap.
Most lending clients want appraisers to list what in the report in regards to electrical systems?
the electrical capacity for the house.
Appraisers in hot-humid climates should be familiar with
air handlers,
electric heat
solar heat
Appraisers in hot -dry climates should be familiar with
evaporative coolers (swamp coolers)
____ are more common in the NE and Midwest
boilers
Types of heating and cooling system
- Gas forced air
- hot water (baseboard)
- steam (boiler)
- electric
When analyzing HVAC systems, the appraiser should take into account the trade-off between
the cost of the item and the cost of operation
What are the 6 general categories of design for houses:
- One-story
- One and one-half story
- Two-story (includes 2.5 story homes)
- Split-levels (includes multilevel splits)
- Contemporary design (those that don’t fit in the prior four categories)
- Specialized designs (those that don’t fit in the other categories
what are examples of specialized designs (house)
- geodesic domes
2. Earth-sheltered homes
Common style names of one tory houses:
- Ranch
2. Rambler
Common 1.5 story style names:
- Cape Cod
2. Bungalow
Common 2 story style names
Colonial
Victorian
Modified two-story
Common split level names
Multilevel
split-entry (foyer)
raised ranch
bilevel
Common contemporary style names
Modern
art deco
pueblo
