Part 6 - Sustainability Flashcards
How would you make nano materials safer?
Immobilise nanoparticles
Make nanoparticles large in at least one direction
Give applications of nanotechnology in the automotive industry
lightweight construction
catalysts
paint
coatings for windscreens
Give applications of nanotechnology in the chemical industry
catalysts
magnetic fluids
coating systems
Give applications of nanotechnology in engineering
Wear protection for tools and machines
lubricant-free bearings
Give applications of nanotechnology in the electronic industry
data memory displays laser diodes glass fibres conductive coatings
Give applications of nanotechnology in construction
Construction materials
thermal insulation
flame retardants
surface functionalism building materials
Give applications of nanotechnology in medicine
drug delivery systems active agents contrast medium agents in cancer therapy antimicrobial agents and coatings.
Give applications of nanotechnology in energy
Fuel cells
Solar cells
Batteries
Capacitors
Give applications of nanotechnology in cosmetics
Sun protection
skin creams
toothpaste
Give applications of nanotechnology in food and drinks
Package materials
storage life sensors
additives
Give applications of nanotechnology in household
ceramic coatings for irons
odours catalyst
cleaner for glass, ceramic etc.
Give applications of nanotechnology in sport
ski wax
anti-fogging of glasses/goggles
antifouling coatings
reinforced tennis rackets.
Give some positive environmental impacts of nano materials
Better catalytic efficiency through higher SA-V ratio
Increased electrical conductivity in ceramics and magnetic nanocomposites, increased electric resistance in metals
Improved hardness and toughness of metals and alloys, ductility etc
Spectral shift of optical absorption and fluorescence properties, increased quantum efficiency of semiconductor crystals
How would you nano materials effect applications in Sensors
Improved monitoring and detection capabilities with better controls
Real-time, accurate sensing of many compounds simultaneously at extremely low concentrations frequently in hostile environments
How would you nano materials effect applications in Treatment
Cleaning up of waste streams of contaminants, particularly those substances that are highly toxic, persistent within the environment or difficult to treat.
How would you nano materials effect applications in Remediation
Cleanup of contaminated sites with problems brought about by prior technologies and past practices.
How would you nano materials effect applications in Green manufacturing
Dematerialisation - less “stuff’” to begin with. Using nanotech to eliminate the generation of waste products and steams by designing in pollution prevention at the source.
Atom-by-atom construction, less material to dispose of.
How would you nano materials effect applications in Nano-geochemistry
Knowledge of formation of atmospheric aerosols, and the movement of natural nanoparticles in air and soil can help inform the solutions to man-made problems
How would you nano materials effect applications in toxicity
Essential to risk analysis for ecosystem and human health.
What is life cycle analysis?
Systems-based approach for gathering data on material and energy flows associated with products and processes.
Useful tool for assessing the true environmental impact.
Activities:
- acquisition of materials
- purification
- manufacturing
- fabrication
- commercial uses
- end-of-life disposition
What are environmental concerns of nano materials?
NPs might not be detectable after release into the environment, which in turn can create difficulties if remediation is needed
Full rick assessments should be performed including toxicological hazard, probability of exposure and environmental and biological fate.
What is the E-factor?
Considers the waste-toproduct ratio and includes all chemicals involved in production.
E-Factor, E = (kg material inputs) / (kg product)
For manufacturing, what E-factor is essential?
For large-scale manufacturing of nano materials with low E-factor is needed for low environmental impacts.
