Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S111 Topic 2 - what is alive > Part 4 - Reproduction > Flashcards

Part 4 - Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Species that reproduce sexually have individuals that differ from each other, whereas asexual reproduction leads to identical individuals within a population. What do you think are the advantages for a species of reproducing sexually in comparison to asexually?

A

If all individuals in a population are identical they will respond in a similar manner to any external influence. The external influence could be for example lack of food source, how attractive they are to a predator, or susceptibility to a particular catastrophic disease. In any of these three examples the entire population could be wiped out and the species could become extinct. In comparison, species that reproduce sexually will have individuals that differ from each other, which means that the species could respond to external influences differently and have better chances of survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the method of reproduction of a multicellular organism?

A

Sexual reproduction - two parents to produce offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the method of reproduction for a single celled organism?

A

Asexual reproduction

One parent is only needed to produce offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define the term physiology?

A

How the body works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is evolution?

A

It is the concept that life changes over time to enable survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are red blood cells otherwise known as?

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do erythrocytes do in the body?

A

Transport oxygen around the body, cells need oxygen to allow chemical processes to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is sickle cell anaemia?

A

It is a hereditary condition in which blood cells become rigid and crescent shaped.
It is mainly found in African/cartibean/Asian race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What disease does sickle cell anaemia protect against?

A

Malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What symptoms does sickle cell anaemia cause?

A

Tiredness, pain, lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a trophozoite?

A

A sporozoan in active feeding stage of its life cycle

A parasite during growing/feeding stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a sporozoan?

A

A parasitic spore forming protozoan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a merozoite?

A

A cell that arises from asexual division of a parent sporozoan during its life cycle

Daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is malaria?

A

It is a serious sometimes fatal disease

The parasites invade red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What parasite causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

From the anopheles mosquito

Through the saliva

17
Q

How does malaria invade the body?

A

The parasites migrate to the liver and multiply

They then enter the blood stream to invade the red blood cells

18
Q

What are gametes?

A

It is a special type of cell that each individual involved in sexual reproduction produces
In humans gametes are sperm and egg
Plant - ovules and pollen grain

19
Q

When gametes fuse together what does this form?

A

Zygote

From which offspring grows

20
Q

The only type of cell division that you looked at so far is mitosis. What does mitosis ensure in terms of chromosomes?

A

It ensures that each progeny cell contains chromosomes that are exact copies of those of the parent cell in every respect

21
Q

Define the term ‘meiosis’?

A

A type of cell division in which a cell divides into 4 cells each of which contains half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

22
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes contain in humans?

A

Each gamete from both parents contain 23 chromosomes each

There is usually 46 chromosomes in total in a human

23
Q

What is a zygote?

A

It is when a male and female gamete fuse together

24
Q

What sex chromosomes are present in the male?

A

The sex chromosomes are individually called X and Y

25
Q

What sex chromosomes are present in a female?

A

Two X chromosomes

26
Q

Why are eukaryotes, including humans referred to as being diploid?

A

Because their chromosomes appear in pairs

27
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

It is a cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Gametes are haploid cells

28
Q

What can sperm also be referred to as?

A

Spermatozoa

29
Q

What can eggs in terms of sexual reproduction also be referred to as?

A

Ova (ovum- singular)

30
Q

What cells only directly contribute DNA to the next generation?

A

Haploid cells

31
Q

Is mitosis a process of asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction

32
Q

Is meiosis a process of sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction

33
Q

How many stages of meiosis is there?

A

Two
Meiosis l
Meiosis II

34
Q

How many phases are there in meiosis 1?

A 
4
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(Pmat)
35
Q

How many phases are there in meiosis II?

A 
4
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
36
Q

What is the process called when multicellular organisms reproduce sexually?

A

Meiosis

37
Q

What does meiosis lead to?

A

The production of new cells called gametes which contain half the genetic material of all other cells in the organism

S111 Topic 2 - what is alive (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions