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STATE EXAM PREP > part 4 > Flashcards

part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder with recurrent episodes of depression and mania.

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2
Q

What ages is bipolar most common?

A

Between 15 and 40 years

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3
Q

What is bipolar type 1 disorder?

A

involves periods of severe mood episodes from mania to depression

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4
Q

What is bipolar type 2?

A

Bipolar II disorder is a milder form of mood elevation, involving milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with periods of severe depression. More common than type 1

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5
Q

S&S of bipolar?

A 
Mania
Depression
Irritable
Rapidly changing moods
Increased appetite for food and sex
Loss of concentration
Sleep problems
Suicidal ideation
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6
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

A psychotic disorder characterized by disorientation and disorganized patterns of thinking.

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7
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

Includes schizophrenia and mood disorder symptoms.
Schizoaffective disorder is a combination of symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder. Symptoms may occur at the same time or at different times.

Symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations, depressed episodes and manic periods of high energy.

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8
Q

What are delusions?

A

Firm, fixed, false beliefs, irrational

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9
Q

What are thought disturbances?

A

Inability to concentrate
Disorganised train of thought
Constant conversation change
Distracted

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10
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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11
Q

What is a mood disorder?

A

Dysregulation of one’s mood state (depressive and bipolar disorders)
Loss of motivation
Every day tasks become difficult
Social withdrawal

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12
Q

What is a borderline personality disorder?

A

A mental disorder characterised by unstable moods, behaviour and relationships.
The cause of borderline personality disorder isn’t well understood. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms.
Symptoms include emotional instability, feelings of worthlessness, insecurity, impulsivity and impaired social relationships.

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13
Q

What is paranoid personality disorder?

A

A pervasive sense of mistrust of the motives of others.

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14
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder?

A

Avoid social relationships

Does not express emotion or feelings

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15
Q

What is schizotypal personality disorder?

A

A pattern of being uncomfortable in close relationships, having distortions in thinking or sensation and behaving oddly
Difficulty establishing and maintaining friendships and usually has eccentric tendencies in everyday behaviour

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16
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A

A pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others

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17
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

preoccupied with orderliness, perfectionism, control, neatness, and the achievement of perfection

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18
Q

Who is at risk of developing a personality disorder?

A

Late adolescence or early childhood
Can improve with increasing age
Has the tendency to develop other mental health issues

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19
Q

What is Risperidone?

A

Atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

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20
Q

Adverse effects of risperidone?

A 
Akathisia
Parkinsonims
Insomnia
Headache
Gi upset
Elevated CPK levels
Dyskinesia
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21
Q

Points to tell patients after taking risperidone?

A

Monitor for weight gain
Hyperglycaemia
Impact on mental alertness (driving, operating heavy machinery

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22
Q

What class of drugs does chlorpromazine belong to?

A

Phenothiazine antipsychotics

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23
Q

What is chlorpromazine used to treat?

A 
Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorders
Manic phase of bipolar
Prolonged hiccups
Anxiety
N+V
Tetanus
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24
Q

Effects of chlorpromazine?

A

Think clearly
Feel less nervous
Reduced aggression
Decreased hallucination

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25
Q

Side effects of chlorpromazine?

A 
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Tiredness
Nausea
Constipation
Weight gain
Extrapyramidal symptoms
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26
Q

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Life-threatening emergency; high fever, tachycardia, stupor, increased respiration, muscle rigidity

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27
Q

Cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

adverse reaction from taking neuroleptic or antipsychotic medication

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28
Q

What is serotonin syndrome?

A

Group of symptoms following the use of some serotonergic medication. Symptoms include agitation ataxia increased sweating diarrhoea fever hyperreflexia

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29
Q

What causes serotonin syndrome?

A 
Increased dose of
Serotonergic medications
MAOIs
TCAs
Tranadol
St Johns Wort
30
Q

What are the effects of parkinsonia?

A 
Blank mask like expression
Salivary drooling
Noticeable tremor
Muscle rigidity
Shuffling gait
31
Q

Nursing interventions for parkinsonia?

A 
Reactions subside with time
Anticholinergic medication (benztripine)
32
Q

What is akasthia?

A

Restless legs

can change medication/anticholinergic medication

33
Q

What is the main medication used as a mood stabiliser?

A

Lithium. Treats mania symptoms and depression. Low doses are effective for depression and bipolar when used with another mood stabiliser

34
Q

Side effects of lithium?

A 
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Nausea
Weight gain
Lithium toxicity
35
Q

What is the normal lithium level?

A

0.6-1.2mmol

36
Q

What is lithium toxicity?

A

When lithium levels are above 1.5mmol. Causes diarrhoea nausea vomitting weakness dizziness LOC tremors, psychosis, akasthisia, increased reflexes, slurred speech, tremors

37
Q

What is another medication used as a mood stabiliser?

A

Sodium valporate. Treats bipolar

38
Q

Side effects of sodium valporate?

A

Drowsiness, headache, weight gain, nausea, confusion

39
Q

What is the normal BSL?

A

4.0-7.8mmol

40
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Bizarre facial & tongue movements, stiff neck, difficult swallow – potentially irreversible

41
Q

What is a nursing intervention for tardive dyskinesia?

A

Do not give antiparkinsinian drugs (benztropine)

Lower dose of antipsychotics

42
Q

Axiz 1-5 for MH diagonis

A

Axis 1:
represents acute symptoms that need treatment diagnoses the most familiar mental illness eg major depressive disorder or schizophrenic episode
Axis 2:
Assessment of personality disorders and intellectual disabilities
Axis 3:
Medical or neurological conditions that may influence a psychiatric problem
Axis 4:
Identifies recent psychosocial stress eg death of a loved one that may affect the diagnosis treatment and prognosis of mental disorder
Axis 5:
Identifies the patients ability to function in everyday life. Scale of 0-100

43
Q

What are some benzodiazapines and what do they treat?

A

Anti anxiety meds
Temazepam
Lorazapam
Oxazepam

44
Q

List 2 typical antipsychotics?

A

Haloperidol tx schizophrenia phycosis. Affects are tachy fever insomnia
Chlorpromazine tx schizophrenia mania bipolar. Affects are weight gain dry mouth dizziness

45
Q

What are 2 atypical antipsychotics?

A

Olanzapine tx schizophrenia mania and depression. Affects are weight gain and sedation
Risperidone tx schizophrenia bipolar mania. Affects are akasthisia insomnia anxiety

46
Q

List 2 antipsychotic depot injections?

A

Zuclopenthixol (clopixol) take 2-4 weeks. IM. Causes drowsiness and sedation
Palliperidone (invega sustenna) take 2-4 weekly. IM. Causes tremor sedation

47
Q

What AB is most commonly used for UTI’s?

A

Trimethoprin

48
Q

What is decorticate posturing?

A

characterized by flexion of the arms and extension of the legs

49
Q

What is decerebrate posturing?

A

characterized by extension of the arms and legs worse than decorticate

50
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

A painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure build-up from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues.
The pressure decreases blood flow, depriving muscles and nerves of required nourishment.
Symptoms may include severe pain, sensation of pins and needles and weakness of the affected area.

51
Q

What is erythromycin used to treat?

A

Chest infections
Acne
STI’s

52
Q

Most common side effect of erythromycin?

A

N/V

53
Q

Main complication of shingles?

A

Post herpatic nerve pain

54
Q

Who is at most risk for getting shingles?

A

Adults who have had shingles

Adults over 50

55
Q

What is prednisone used to treat?

A

Anti inflam cortico steroid
Asthma
Allergic reactions
COPD

56
Q

Side effects of prednisone?

A

High bp

Fluid retention

57
Q

Risk of catching tetanus?

A

Having a cut and being in soil

58
Q

S+S of tetanus?

A 
Occurs 3-10 post infection
Weakness
Difficulty chewing and swallowing
Muscle rigidity
Respiratory muscle paralysis
59
Q

Which act affirms the Treaty of waitangi?

A

Health and disability act 2000

60
Q

List 4 nursing obligations w the Treaty?

A

Form partnership w Maori
Be responsive to Maori needs
Ensure equal opportunities
Measure and evaluate the councils responsibilities

61
Q

causes of schizophrenia

A

enlarged ventricles, decreased prefrontal cortex volume, blocked reuptake of dopamine
Drug use
Poor nutrition during pregnancy

62
Q

3 positive symptoms of schiz?

A

Delusions
Disordered speech
Hallucinations

63
Q

3 negative symptoms of schiz?

A

Flat expressions
Lack of motivation
Inability of experience pleasure

64
Q

List the bill of rights?

A 
Not be:
Deprived of life
Subjected to torture or cruel tx
Subjected to medical or scientific experimentation
To refuse tx
65
Q

What is whooping cough?

A

Pertussis. A bacterial disease which causes a cough for 10+ weeks. Runny nose, N+V, spread through the air

66
Q

Tx for whooping cough?

A

ABs such as azithromycin and clarithromycin. Boostrix vaccine

67
Q

What is asthma?

A

an inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction

68
Q

3 inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Pulmicort
Flixotide
Beclazone

69
Q

List 3 combination inhalers?

A

Seretide
Symbicort
Rexair

70
Q

What are the 5 P’s of compartment syndrome?

A 
pain
pallor (pale skin tone) 
paresthesia (numbness feeling)
pulselessness (faint pulse)
paralysis (weakness with movements). 
Numbness, tingling, or pain may be present

STATE EXAM PREP (4 decks)

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