PART 3-RECALLED (2013) Flashcards
It refers to the composite parts of the irrigation system that divert water from natural bodies of water such as rivers, streams and lakes
HEADWORKS
The International Soil Science Society describes sand as a soil particle with a diameter of
0.02MM-2MM
The locus of the elevation to which water will rise in a piezometric tube
HYDRAULIC GRADIENT
Surface irrigation method where a much smaller area is enclosed by levees
Basin Irrigation
The ratio of water beneficially used on the project, farm or field to the amount of water delivered to the farm expressed in percent.
Water Use Efficiency
The ratio of water stored in the root zone during the irrigation to the water needed in the root zone prior to irrigation, expressed in percent.
Water Storage Efficiency
The ratio between water stored in the soil root zone during irrigation and the water delivered to the farm expressed in percent
Water Application Efficiency
The ratio between the water delivered to the farm and the water diverted from a river or reservoir expressed in percent
Water Conveyance Efficiency
The sum of total static head, pressure head, velocity head and friction head
Total Dynamic Head
The water is directed to the base of the plant. Water is applied to the soil through small orifices
Drip/ Trickle Irrigation
The surface is rarely wet since the water is supplied from the soil underneath. This requires complete control of the water table so that the root zone is kept relatively free of excess water but is continually supplied with capillary moisture during the cropping season
Sub-irrigation
It is accomplished by running water through small channels or furrows while it moves down or across the slope of the field
Furrow irrigation
In Earth embankment, on structures less than 15 m high with average materials, the sideslope should be steeper than_____on the upstream face
3:1
In Earth embankment, on structures less than 15 m high with average materials, the sideslopes should be steeper than_____on the downstream face
2:1
Caused by the rising of warmer, lighter air in colder, denser surroundings
Convective precipitation
The process of covering the land surface with plant residues, plastic or other materials appropriate to arrest loss of moisture through evaporation
Mulching
Two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year
Type I
No dry season with a very pronounced maximum rainfall from November to January
Type II
Seasons not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to april and wet during the rest of the year.
Type 3
Rainfall more less evenly distributed throughout the year
Type 4
operate with sprinklers set in a fixed position
Set system
sprinklers that must be moved manually through a series of positions during the course of irrigation
Periodic-Move System
composed of portable or buried pipe with
valve outlets at intervals for attaching the portable laterals.
Hand-Move system
the lateral pipes are rigidly coupled and each joint of pipe is supported by a large wheel where the lateral line forms the
axle for the wheels. This is mechanically moved by an engine mounted at
the center of the line
Side-roll lateral system
consists of rigidly coupled lateral pipe
connected to a buried mainline positioned in the center of the field.
Laterals are towed lengthwise over the mainline from one side to the
other in an “s” form
End-tow lateral system
sprinkler systems not requiring to be moved during the
course of irrigation
Fixed system
sprinklers operate while moving in either a
circular or straight path.
Continuous Move System
The type of surveying that takes into account the true shape of the earth. These surveys are of high precision and extend over large areas
Geodetic Surveying
The survey of bodies of water made for the purpose of navigation, water supply, or sub-aqueous construction
Hydrographic
The type of surveying in which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in which its spheroidal shape is neglected, with regard to horizontal distances and directions
Plane surveying
Consist of counting the number of steps in a required distance
Pacing
nstrument for measuring the velocity (speed) of a flowing fluid.
Pitot tube
Measure Specific Gravity
Hydrometer
What do you call the phenomena where plants flowers and speeds up in seed development under low temperature or when chilled
Vernalization
What do you call the phenomena where plants flowers and speeds up in seed development under low temperature or when chilled
Fixed cost
cost which vary with the volume of production (the costs of material and labor used in a
product
Variable cost
– refers to the additional costs or revenue that will result from increasing the output of a
system by one or more units. It is also referred to as marginal cost.
Incremental cost
often used to mean all expenditures that are not direct costs
Overhead cost
The minimum trajectory angle for sprinkler
10-25 degrees
Allowable percentage depletion of most crops
50%
Soil moisture tension with 15 atm
PWP
Basic irrigation method for lowland farming
Basin Irrigation
Laterals enter the submain from one side only to minimize the double drainage that occurs near the submain
Gridiron
Depth of shallow tubewell
20-60 ft
Equation for evapotranspiration computation
Penman montieth equation
Precipitation results from mechanical lifting of air mass over mountain barriers
Orographic rainfall
Travels over the ground and through the channels to reach the outlets
: Runof
A hydrograph wit a unit volume of direct runoff for a given storm duration
Unit hydrograph
Combination of splash and sheet erosion
Inter-rill
Flow greater than the critical flow
Supercritical flow
Type of flow wherein the discharge or flow in a prismatic channel is constant with respect to time
Steady flow
Irrigation components, related to flow and head
Headgate
Standard height of an earth embankment
not exceeding 15 m
A mathematical expression for the macroscopic flow of water through a porous system
Darcy’s law
A thin film of soil layer detached and transported by water flowing on the land surface
Sheet Erosion
Soil property which describes the ability of the soil to transmit water
Hydraulic conductivity
Spheroidal shape is neglected, with
regard to horizontal distances and
directions.
Plane Surveying
The type of surveying that takes
into account the true shape of
the earth.
Geodetic surveying
Made to establish
the horizontal and vertical positions
of arbitrary points.
Control Survey
Made to
determine the length and direction
of land lines and to establish the
position of these lines on the ground
Boundary Survey
Made to
gather data to produce a
topographic map showing the
configuration of the terrain and the
location of natural and man-made
objects.
Topographic Survey
The survey of
bodies of water made for the
purpose of navigation, water
supply, or subaqueous
construction
Hydrographic Survey
Made to control,
locate and map underground and
surface works related to mining
operations.
Mining Survey
Made to lay
out, locate and monitor public
and private engineering works
Construction Survey
: Refers to those
control, topographic, and
construction surveys necessary for
the location and construction of
highways, railroads, canals,
transmission lines, and pipelines
Route Survey
Made to
utilize the principles of aerial
photogrammetry, in which
measurements made on
photographs are used to determine
the positions of photographed
objects.
Photogrammetric Survey
one of the
oldest and simplest methods of
making measurements.
Distances can be measured
using the chain’s length
Chain
this survey uses
the principle of traversing.
This method does not
requires the need to create
triangles
Compass
They are plotted
directly on paper with
their relative position.
The rays are drawn from
station to object on
ground. The table is
placed at each of the
successive station
parallel to the position
of the last station.
Plain table
is a
precise angle measuring
tool. The device is zeroed
using a reference point
then horizontal and vertical
angles can be easily
calculated by pointing the
targeting lens at the
desired object. It is used
with a chain to measure
distances.
Theodolite
This is a
special form of theodolite
that has a stadia diaphragm
and an anallatic lens
-This eliminates the need for
a chain because the
distance can be calculated
using the diaphragm. This
method has been almost
completely replaced by
using a total station.
Tacheometer
This is a
theodolite with an
electronic distance
measuring system. With the
EDM, the distances can be
measured without a chain.
This can allow a single
surveyor to capture much
more information in a faster
timeframe.
Total Station
represented by contour
lines, which are the marked
interconnected points of
equal elevation above mean
sea leve
Relief
represented by water
bodies which include lakes,
rivers, streams, creeks, and
swamps;
Hydrographyy
represented by the artificial
features which include roads,
airports, urban development,
and buildings.
Culture
describes the
vertical datum where elevation/height
values are referenced and not from the
base of mountains or hills
Mean Sea Level (MSL)
A type terrace Used for 9-24% slope
Conservation bench terrace
Terrace Used for 25-30% slope
Bench Terrace
If it is desired to have a maximum flow of water at any depth, the best canal crosssection to be used is the:
Trapezoidal
Laminar flow has a Reynold’s Number of:
Less than 1
Which of the following has the highest approximate residence time.
Groundwater (deep)
Critical Flow is
Fr = 1
It the vertical distance from the centerline of the pump to the discharge water level
Static discharge head
When the water level in the pipe drops below the upper edge of the pipe or culvert
and its conduit controls, the flow becomes:
Open channel flow
A system of aquaculture in which the waste produced by farmed fish or other
aquatic animals supplies nutrients for plants grown hydroponically, which in turn
purify the water
Aquaponics
It is also called the vadose zone
Saturated zone
An artesian well is an example of:
Confined Aquifer
What color in PAG-ASA’s color coded rainfall advisory system which indicates that a
possibility of storm surge of 0.5 m up to 1 m high might likely to occur
Yellow
What color in PAG-ASA’s color coded rainfall advisory system which indicates that a
torrential rainfall more than 30 mm within one hour might likely to occur?
Red
The infiltration equation based on the exhaustion process is the.
Horton
A type of sprinkler irrigation known for its high initial cost but low labor cost
overhead sprinkler
In surveying, what do you measure when using a coordinate method?
elevation
A submain is laid in a depression and the laterals join the submain from each side
alternately. The land along the submain is double drained, but since it is in a
depression, it is probably requires more drainage
Herringbone
A type of cropping system where in different crops are palnted in an area one after
the other each season
relay cropping.
A division in the biogas digester that prevents slurry from premature exit into
sludge/outlet tank.
Bafleboard
Surveying error about sa difference
Discrepancy error
Surveying error about sa instrument
Systematic error
Surveying error about sa computation
Analytic error
Surveying error about sa personal matters
Human error
Plant stem blast is commonly caused by
Fungi
Which of the following has the highest bearing capacity?
Rock
Type of terrace that is used for 9-24% slope.
Zing
Type of flow which is the same at every section of the prismatic channel.
Uniform flow
It is a geologic formation which transmits water at a rate insufficient to be
economically developed for pumping.
Aquiclude
