Part 3: Diet, Exercise, and Disease

Question 1

Define obesity.

Answer 1

A medical condition where the patient accumulates excess body fat.

Question 2

What are the causes of obesity? (5)

Answer 2

1. Unhealthy eating habits,
2. Lack of physical activity
3. Genetic predisposition
4. Certain medications
5. Underlying health conditions

Question 3

Why do we need some fat in our bodies? (3)

Answer 3

1. To cushion external organs and act as an energy store
2. Cell membranes are made if lipids (fats and oils)
3. Required for thermal insulation

Question 4

Explain how strokes are associated with obesity. (3)

Answer 4

• high blood pressure in the arteries in the brain
• can cause them to burst
• and lead to brain damage

Question 5

Explain how type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity. (2)

Answer 5

• liver cells
• cannot control blood glucose levels

Question 6

Explain how coronary heart disease is associated with obesity. (2)

Answer 6

1. A blockage in the coronary artery
2. Can increase the risk if having a heart attack

Question 7

Explain how arthritis can be associated with obesity. (2)

Answer 7

1. Too much weight on the joints
2. Can increase the risk of them getting inflamed or worn down

Question 8

Explain why people who exercise regularly are usually healthier than those who take little exercise. (5)

Answer 8

1. You will have more muscle tissue

Question 9

What is Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Answer 9

BMI is used as a measure to see if you are over or under weight.

Question 10

State the equation for BMI.

Answer 10

BMI= mass(kg)/height² (m)

Question 11

State advantages of using BMI. (2)

Answer 11

1. Easy to calculate
2. Allows doctors to quickly work out whether a patient is at risk of developing illnesses associated with obesity.

Question 12

State disadvantages of using BMI. (3)

Answer 12

1. Doesn’t work for children.
2. Muscle has a higher density than fat- so bodybuilders and rugby players may be considered obese.
3. Pregnant women can be classified as obese.

Question 13

BMI categories for adults:

Answer 13

<17 underweight
17-24 healthy
25-29 overweight
30-40 obese
>41 morbidly obese

Question 14

Chief Wiggum is going on a diet. His BMI is 35.2, and he is 168cm.
Calculate the least mass that Chief Wiggum needs to be to be placed in the healthy category. Give your answer to the nearest kg. (5)

Answer 14

E BMI= mass/height²
U 168cm = 1.68m
S 35.2= mass/1.68²
A mass= 35.3×1.68²
Cmass= 99.34848…

E BMI = mass/height²
U 168cm =1.68m
S 24= mass/1.68²
A mass= 24×1.68²
C mass=67.7376

99.34…-67.7376=31.61…
=32kg to the nearest integer