Part 3 - Design for Aesthetics and Ergonomics

Question 1

Aesthetics

Answer 1

Set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty.

Question 2

Form

Answer 2

Shape/ colour of a product. Influenced by aesthetics.

Question 3

Function

Answer 3

Technical functions of a product

Question 4

How can aesthetics be defined?

Answer 4

Whilst subjective, there is a sense of mathematical order. It is also affected by conditioning and symbolism. It can be difficult to achieve as it requires the right combination of individual elements of beauty.

Question 5

State the principles of car styling

Answer 5

Consistent basic layout- curves, shoulders.
Consistent styles - size
Individual designs with a particular style - Grills, spoilers, shoulder lines, pillars, overhang.

Question 6

State some examples of symbolism in cars.

Answer 6

Animalistic features.
Made to look strong and protective with bold distinctive features.
Choice of colour: Black smaller, while - bigger.

Question 7

Why do styles change over time?

Answer 7

New manufacturing processes.

Innovative designers

Question 8

State some interior design styles.

Answer 8

Modern, Contemporary, Minimalist, Industrial, Rustic

Question 9

State some interior car styles

Answer 9

Functional, Modern, Sporty, Luxury, Futuristic

Question 10

State 8 factors associated with choosing a car colour

Answer 10

Aesthetics, Association, Cleanability, Definition, Safety, Heat absorption, Cost, Resale

Question 11

How can colours be classified.

Answer 11

3 primary colours when mixed form secondary colours. Combining secondary colours with its nearest primary creates tertiary colours - 12 hues.

Question 12

What is the difference between structural and pigment colours?

Answer 12

Pigment - Adding pigment e.g. clothing and are subject to faid.
Structural are produced by light reflection e.g. peacock feathers - change with angle of view.

Question 13

Shading

Answer 13

Adding black to colour

Question 14

Tinting

Answer 14

Adding white to colour - Pastel colours

Question 15

Toning

Answer 15

Adding grey to colour- Considered more pleasing to the eye.

Question 16

How can colour be utilised?

Answer 16

Influence size perception
Emphasise shape definition
Create clean - high tech image.
Association- Yellow/Black or Red/Black associated with danger. Bad for interiors.
Highlighting - E.g. Sports car brake calipers.
Create a warm/ restful/ work atmosphere

Question 17

How can colours be combined aesthetically?

Answer 17

Complementary, Analogous, Triadic, Split Complementary or Tetradic.

Question 18

State some other aspects of colours

Answer 18

Metallic - Reflect more incident light- more attractive shine.
Gloss - Lacquer to give shiny gloss
Iridescent Paint - Colour changes with angle of view due to thin-film. V expensive
Lustre - Measure of intensity
Texture - Texture of the cloth of seats affects its colour

Question 19

Importance of considering anthropometrics for design.

Answer 19

Products should aim to cater for as large a proportion of the population as possible which can be modelled as a normal distribution. Expensive airline seats ensure this whilst economy may not suit larger passengers.

Question 20

Why can body mass not be approximated by normal distribution.

Answer 20

Weight is heavily affected by lifestyle.

Question 21

State 7 ergonomic factors when designing a car

Answer 21

Driver Visibility - Locations of pillars causing blind spots
Mirrors- Flat mirrors give true distance perception while curved mirrors increase field of view.
Steering Ratio sensitivity.
Pedal design - Suitable precision for range of foot movement. Sideways spacing for extreme foot size. Resistance to spring back quickly but not uncomfortable to drive.
Seat Design- Reduce vibrations, lumbar support, crash protection
Wheel Changing - Easy to do, and ensure alignment is accurate
Dashboard - Non distractive

Question 22

Considerations of man machine interface

Answer 22

Alert operator clearly and quickly, minimise distraction

Use colour conventions. Should be grouped together logically

Question 23

State Examples of Car Safety Technology

Answer 23

Central Brake Light= Clear at night when other lights are already switched on.

Animated Indicators - Dynamic moving effect- more noticable.