Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Putthoff Lectures/CIS > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical features produced by infarction are determined by?

A

ANATOMIC distribution of the damage rather than the underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lacunar inracts lodge where?

A

distal smaller vessels–lenticulostriate vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Brain morphology of respirator brainAlso seen in what kind of disorders of babies?

A

liquefactive necrosis; seen in encephalomalacia and leukoencephalopathy in babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cerebral amloid angiopathy is a feature of what?

A

seen in aging; primary inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are isolated subarachnoid hemorrhages associated with trauma??

A

NO!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of fractures and associationsDiastatic, general fracture, basilar skull fracture

A

general–artherosclerotic change–epidural hematomabasilar skull fracture–ocular n entrapment, hemotympariumdiastatic–separates bones at sutures–linear fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Last suture to fuse is?

A

Lamboid suture–doesnt fuse till 60 years!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

premature fusion of cranial sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of lesion do you get months after aneurysms rupture? Cause?

A

cavitary lesions–caused by microglial cells pahocytizing ; seen in CT/ MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disorders related to hypertension in brain

A

slit hemorrhage, lacunar infarcts, hypertensive encephalopathy, Binswanger disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Binswanger disease affects what part of brain?

A

white matter infective encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CADASIL is what and associated with what?

A

Leukoencephalopathy–soft brain (white); associated with subcortical infarcts; scandanivia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Virchow Robins space

A

subarachnoid space (affected by meningitis) around blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most CNS infections spread ____

A

hematogenously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Viruses that affect peripheral nerves

A

Rabies and HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chemical meningitis

A

from chemotheraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do you see in chronic meningitis (syphillis, TB, cryptococcus, neuroborrelia)

A

FIBROSIS resulting in communicating hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Eye finding in meningitis or meningoencephalitis

A

papilledema (need to check fundus before lumbar tap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Once an infection gets out of the virchow robins space into the brain, its called?

A

Encephalitis syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Children meningtis order of organisms

A

GBS, Listeria, E Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Older adults meningtitis

A

S. pneumonia, E Coli (if immunocompromised), Listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meningitis extending into vessels or brain parenchyma can lead to?

A

Phlebitis or hemorrhagic infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is chronic adehesive arachnoiditis?

A

thickening fibrosis that occurs with meningitis in the leptomeninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pleomorphic cells are seen in what kind of meningitis?

A

Aseptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Difference between Herpes and CMV in terms of location affected in the brain
Herpes=TEMPORAL LOBECMV=PERIVENTRICULAR LOCATIONS
26
Rubella infection--how get it?
intrauterine viral infection
27
Post-encephalitic parkinsonism appears when?
After being infected by influenza virus
28
Viral encephalitis morphology
lymphocytic meningoencephalitis, inflammatory cells accumulate around vessels, multifocal necrosis throughout brain, neuronophagia, microglial nodules (HIV), viral inclusions, when severe--necrotizing vasculitis w/focal hemorrhage
29
Inclusions of Herpes, CMV, Rabies
Herpes=Intranuclear inclusionsCMV=PROMINENT intranuclear inclusionsRabies=negri bodies=CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS
30
Acute focal suppurative infections=
Brain abcess, subdural empyema, extradural abscess (NOCARDIA!! fUNGUS LIKE BACTERIA)--extradural abcscess associated with antecedent trauma?
31
SSPE associated with?
Antecedent MEASLES infection
32
Degenerative diseases affecting neocortex
AD, FTLD, ALS
33
Diseases affecting brainstem
Parkinsons, Dementia with lewy bodies, Atypical parkinson syndrome (progressive supranuclear palsy, coticobasilar degeneration), MSA, Huntingtons, spinocerebellar degenerations (spinocerebellar ataxia, Friedreich ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia
34
In AD what reflects inflammatory changes?
Betal amyloid=chronic inflammation
35
AD laterality and region of brain
Diffuse bilateral cortical atrophy--susceptible to subdural hematomas
36
Hirano bodies are associated with?
AD--Granulovacuolar degeneration
37
CAA--morphology
chronic inflammation, reactive gliosis
38
Is Tau in AD associated with plaques or tangles?
Neurofibrillary tangles
39
Major component of plaques in AD
Beta amyloid
40
NF tangles morphology
black, thick, condensed
41
common MECHANISM of death in AD
pneumonia, sepsis, DVT but cause of death is AD
42
FTLD vs AD
FTLD are NOT diffuse cortical disease like AD; it is LOBAR related to atrophic changes in frontal and temporal regions primarily-FTLD is one of the more common causes of early onset dementia
43
3 types of FTLD and associated depositions
-FTLD tau: tau neuronal depositions, not Beta amyloid-FTLD-TDP: similar distribution of atrophy as FTLD tau but has TDP43 (RNA binding protein) --progranulin mutation resulting in deficiency causes it-FTLD-FUS: fusion designation of sarcoma protein* most are diagnosed at AUTOPSY--no good biomarkers
44
FTLDS S/S vs AD
FTLD: personality changes, behavior changes, and aphasia (speech problems), in contrast to declining cognitive abilities seen in AD; dementia occurs OVER time; Also, FTLDs are present EARLIER than AD!
45
Paraneoplastic syndromes can have secondery movement disorders:-blepharospasm is what?-spasmodic toritcollis seen in?-Ballismus seen in ?
fasciculations of eyelidchildrentourets syndrome
46
The dopaminergic nogrostriatal pathway in basal ganglia modulate feedback from ____ to ____
thalamus to motor cortex
47
Clinical features of PD
decreased facial expression (mask like facies), cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, pill rolling tremor, festinating gait (short steps, leaning forward)
48
Are genetic forms of PD AD or AR? List the proteins associated with genetic PD
Can be bothalpha synuclein--AD; lipid binding protein associated with synapses, point mutations and amplificationsLRRK2--also AD; leucine rich repeat kinase 2Mitochondrial dysfunction Parkinsons--AR associated with mutation in genes encoding proteins like DJ1, PINK1 and parkin
49
Drug associated Parkins results from what drugs?
Dopamine antagonists and toxins
50
Characteristic inclusions seen in PD and other morphology
Lewy bodies; pallor of substantia nigra and locus cereleus
51
Progressive PD clinical features
Autonomic involvement (bowel, bladder), decreased cognitive ability, dementia, seborrhea (eczema of scalp and face)
52
Difference bw PD and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Dementia with Lewy Bodies may have EARLY dementia and is NOT responsive to L-DOPA
53
Difference bw PD and PSNP (progressive supranuclear palsy)
-atypical Parkinson syndrome; has TAU inclusions instead of alpha synuclein!!
54
What is corticobasilar degeneration?What is post traumatic parkinsonism
-CBD: progressive TAUPATHY -PTP: more likely to be CTE but affects basal ganglia have PD symptoms
55
Difference bw MSA and PD?
Both have alpha synuclein and both affect basal ganglia but MSA has CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS of alpha synuclein in OLIGODENDROCYTES while PD has alpha synuclein in NEURONSMSA also has autonomic degeneration-->ORTHOSTASIS
56
HD affects what part of basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus
57
HD cause
AD; huntingtin gene mutated; gOF ; CAG repeats; NO sporadic form--all AD10-26 normal, 27-41 premutation, 36-121=diseaselasts 15-20 years; writhing movements progresses to cognitive decline dementia and death
58
3 categories of spinocerebellar degenerations
all AD1) molecularly/genetically similar to HD2)non-coding region repeats similar to mytonic dystrophy3) point mutations
59
Friedreich Ataxia--genes, also associated with what disease
ARfrataxin genedie of cardiomyopathy; also associated with diabetes
60
Ataxia telangiectasias; AD or AR? protein mutated? Associated with?
ARATM protein mutatedassociated with recurrent sinopulmonary infections (mucor is noteworthy of infections of sinus)
61
Primary lateral sclerosis vsProgressive muscular atrophy vsProgressive bulbar atrophy vsPseudobulbar palsy
PLS: UMN onlyPMA: LMN onlyPBA: LMN bulbar region onlyPBP: UMN bulbar region only
62
ALS affects what parts of the brain?
Axons in Internal capsule, brainstem and CST; LMN in CNS, Anterior horn SC; UMN in motor cortex
63
ALS clinical features (incidence, age, sporadic vs familial)
increased incidence in males; presents in 40s; sporradic more common than familial; cognitive function spared but sometimes see
64
Familial forms of ALS--AD or AR? Associated genes?
Almost all are ADSOD1, C9orf72d, TDP43, FUSFamilial occurs earlier than sporadic
65
How are ALS and FTLD similar?
Both can have FUS involved and look similar
66
Characteristic feature of Spinal Bulbar Atrophy (Kennedy Disease)
Rosenthal fibers ---astrocytic hyaline deposits usually seen in pilocytic astrocytoma

Putthoff Lectures/CIS (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions